Biotechnology

Biotech Use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products

Biotech Determining sex Forensic/identity testing Prenatal diagnostic screening Risk of developing adult- onset cancers Predicting adult-onset disorders.

Biotech Today in our lab, biotech in action……………..

Blood Typing A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs)

Blood Typing An antigen is a substance or molecule that, when introduced into the body, triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system.

Blood typing Antibody: a protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target

Blood Typing antigens are bacteria or virus that can cause an illness antibodies are part of the immune system and identify and fight against the foreign bacteria

Blood Typing There are two different types of antigen – type "A" – type "B“ The ABO blood type classification system uses the presence or absence of these molecules to categorize blood into four types:

Blood Typing ABO blood group system – The ABO system is the most important blood-group system in human-blood transfusion A B AB O

Blood Typing Examples: – Blood Group A If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma

Blood Typing Examples: – Blood Group B If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma

Blood Typing Examples: – Blood Group AB If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies in your blood plasma.

Blood Typing Examples: – Blood Group O If you belong to the blood group O, you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma

How can you tell if antigens are present? Agglutination is the clumping of particles. The clumping together of red blood cells usually in response to a particular antigen ( virus or bacteria).

Blood Type Eldon Card for testing blood type The Agglutinated circle shows you what blood type you are. Blood group A No agglutination *With agglutination

Blood Typing Blood types are inherited and represent contributions from both parents

Blood Typing Rh blood group system The Rh system is the second most significant blood-group system in human-blood transfusion 1937 –Rhesus monkeys

Blood Typing Have the antigen Rh + Don’t have the antigen Rh – Important? » Erythroblastosis fetalis

Biotech Gel Electrophoresis – a process which enables the sorting of molecules based on size

Biotech Reading and autoradiograph – Who done it?

Biotech Reading and autoradiograph – Paternity testing

Biotech Reading and autoradiograph (Suspect 2 is guilty)

Biotech Reading and autoradiograph