Cross-Cultural Variations in Consumer Behavior
Different Cultures Why are we studying this? “Americanization” of cultures
Culture Culture features Cultural Components Comprehensive Acquired Complex Cultural Components Norms Cultural values Sanctions
Variations in Culture Other-Oriented Values Environmental-Oriented Values Self-Oriented Values
Other-Oriented Values Individual/Collective Youth/Age Extended/Limited Family Masculine/Feminine Competitive/Cooperative Diversity/Uniformity
Environmental-Oriented Values Cleanliness Performance/Status Tradition/Change Risk-taking/Security Problem Solving/Fatalistic Nature
Self-Oriented Values Active/Passive Sensual Gratification/Abstinence Material/Nonmaterial Instrumental Terminal Hard Work/Leisure Postponed/Immediate Gratification Religious/Secular
Cultural Variations in Communication Verbal Communication Systems Nonverbal Communication Systems Time Monochronic Polychronic Space Symbols Friendship Agreement Things Etiquette
Global Cultures What caused them? Global Demographics Purchasing power parity Cross-Cultural Marketing Strategy
Considerations Cultural homogeneity across the country Needs of target market Affordability of products to target market Values of culture in terms of purchase and usage Distribution, legal, and political structures Communication of product Ethical implications