Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 1 Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation Module developers: Erika Romijn, Wageningen University Martin Herold, Wageningen University Exercise: Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation in a tropical country Photo credit: AFP V1, April 2015 Creative Commons License

Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 2 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation in a tropical country This module contains general exercises which can be used in any country case Exercise 1 Think of a strategy on how to monitor drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in your own country Exercise 2 Perform a qualitative assessment of the drivers of deforestation in your own country

Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 3 Exercise 1 - Strategy development on how to address drivers  Try to set up a strategy for monitoring the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in your country  Use the material presented in the lecture and country examples of this module as background information  The following aspects need to be addressed: ● How to gather the necessary information on drivers and the impact of different drivers – Which are the monitoring priorities? ● Which existing data and maps can be used to analyse drivers? ● Where are the gaps and how can they be filled in order to properly monitor drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in your country?

Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 4 Example of qualitative assessment of current drivers of forest carbon change in Fiji Processes that effect forest carbon stocks Who is doing it and for what purpose (historical, current, future) Effects on the forest (carbon) in the short and long-term How important is the process nationally (area affected)? carbon impact Forest conversion for expansion of agriculture (or biofuels) Conversion of forest for settlement(squatters)/ tourism – especially in mangroves and including illegal settlements Plantation clear-fell harvesting & replanting High intensity selective logging of native forests  remains native Weaver et al., 2009

Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 5 Processes that effect forest carbon stocks Who is doing it and for what purpose (historical, current, future) Effects on the forest (carbon) in the short and long-term How important is the process nationally (area affected)? carbon impact Forest conversion for expansion of agriculture (or biofuels) Landowners or lessees of land Source (large) Large Very high (+) Conversion of forest for settlement(squatters)/ tourism – especially in mangroves and including illegal settlements Developers and squatters Source (medium) LargeHigh (+) Plantation clear-fell harvesting & replanting Government owned Forestry companies Sink, if not replacing native forest (medium) LargeHigh (-) High intensity selective logging of native forests  remains native Contractors commissioned by the forest owners or local communities – driven by market demand and/or local need for wood in village Generally a source but sustainable forest management would help to minimise the carbon impact (1-2) Low – SFM Low – for local use Medium - commercial Medium (+) Example of qualitative assessment of current drivers of forest carbon change in Fiji

Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 6 Accidental burning that gets out of control & into forest Forest clear-fell for mining prospects Protecting native forest for ecosystem services, etc. e.g. Sovi Basin Shifting cultivation – slash & burn – especially in dry areas Afforestation of talasiga land  pine forest for wood/chip production Afforestation with teak Natural regeneration of expired agriculturally leased land Increased vulnerability to cyclone damage/ fires/landslides of degraded natural wet forest Qualitative assessment of current drivers in Fiji – continued..

Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 7 Accidental burning that gets out of control & into forest Farmers & arsonistsSource (2) Low to medium – mainly in the dry western zones – Medium (+) Forest clear-fell for mining prospects Mining companiesSource (3)Low Medium (+) Protecting native forest for ecosystem services, etc. e.g. Sovi Basin Forest resource owners and Environment NGOs, drivers of ecotourism Neutral, avoided emissions (2) Medium (+/-) Shifting cultivation – slash & burn – especially in dry areas Local communities, increasing due to population growth and cash crops Source (2) Low – more in isolated rural areas Some (+) Afforestation of talasiga land  pine forest for wood/chip production Government initiative to benefit people Sink (2) Low Some (-) Afforestation with teak Private forest company, landowners/lessees planting an investment Sink (2) Low Some (-) Natural regeneration of expired agriculturally leased land Landowner leaving land idle/fallow Sink as long as the trees stand (2) Low Some (-) Increased vulnerability to cyclone damage/ fires/landslides of degraded natural wet forest Quasi-natural processSource (1)LowLow (+) Qualitative assessment of current drivers in Fiji – continued..

Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 8 Exercise 2 - Qualitative assessment of the drivers of deforestation  Estimate the drivers of deforestation in your own country based on your current knowledge  Use the same table as for the Fiji example to fill in: ● The most important drivers of deforestation ● The actors involved in the forest change processes ● The effect of the driver on the forest carbon in the short and long-term (carbon source or sink) ● The area per driver and ● The amount of CO 2 emissions per driver

Module 1.3 Assessing and analyzing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation REDD+ training materials by GOFC-GOLD, Wageningen University, World Bank FCPF 9 Recommended modules as follow up  Module 2.1 to proceed with REDD+ measuring and monitoring and focus on monitoring activity data for forests using remote sensing  Modules 3. to learn more about REDD+ assessment and reporting