Global Positioning System Application Reginald Augustus Howard Alvarado Patricia Gallego Troy Hilton Isioma Ojeah MGMT 6352 – 09082

Introduction  Developed and operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, GPS is one of the most widely used tools for navigation and timing today  Since the first experimental satellite was launched in 1978, GPS has become an important aid to navigation around the world, and an important tool for map- making and land surveying

Developmental History  The GPS design is based on the similar ground- based radio navigation system, such as LORAN and the Decca Navigator developed in the in the early 1940s, and used during World War II.  The first experiment related to Global Positioning System (GPS) was launched in The first of a block of 10 satellites.  Other important developments that have influenced the GPS technology are mainly the Civilian use of GPS systems in 1983 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

Developmental History – Contd.  On February 14, 1989, the first modern satellite was launched.  December 1994 was an important year for the GPS technology when a complete group of 24 satellites were in orbit successfully.  In 1996, U.S President Bill Clinton issued a policy directive declaring GPS to be a dual-use system and to manage it as a national asset.

Developmental History – Contd.  On May 2, 2000 “Selective Availability” was discontinued, so the use of the GPS outside of the Military Industry allowed for civilians to increase the horizontal accuracy on their receivers from "no worse than" 100 meters to meters  The most recent launch happened on November 17, 2006, and the oldest satellite still in operation was launched in August 1991.

Industry Analysis  NAICS Code –  Industry Name - Scientific & Technical Instruments  Sector - Technology

GPS Uses  GPS is used to aid land, sea and airborne navigation, geographical exploration, cartography and geodesy, surveying, vehicle location systems, search and rescue operations, aerial refueling and rendezvous and a wide range of additional applications.  There are also numerous civilian users, such as trucking fleets, commercial airlines and law enforcement agencies.  Hikers, farmers and fishermen also benefit from GPS.  The military capabilities of GPS were demonstrated in the Gulf conflict, cited by US defense officials as a key factor in the successes of operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield.

Industry Competitors  Garmin  Raytheon  Magellan  TomTom  Novatel  Trimble  Lowrance Electronics

GPS Manufacturer Magellan RoadMate™ - portable car navigation systems RoadMate™ - portable car navigation systems eXplorist™- outdoor handheld navigation devices eXplorist™- outdoor handheld navigation devices Hertz NeverLost® - car navigation system Hertz NeverLost® - car navigation system ProMark™- single frequency GPS survey product line ProMark™- single frequency GPS survey product line

GPS Manufacturer Garmin Aviation Aviation Marine Marine Automotive Automotive Wireless Wireless

GPS Manufacturer TomTom TomTom Rider-designed for two wheels TomTom Rider-designed for two wheels TomTom GO 910 – All-in-one. Connects to 3 rd Party devices TomTom GO 910 – All-in-one. Connects to 3 rd Party devices TomTom NAVIGATOR 6- software for PDAs and Mobile TomTom NAVIGATOR 6- software for PDAs and Mobile

Porter’s Five Competitive Model

Industry Forecasts  With more affordable GPS receivers and components flooding the market, the worldwide GPS market will reach a value of more than $30 billion approximately by  The people tracking and handset market segments under GPS will have the largest growth, of approximately nine percent in  Use of digital signaling and media broadcasts has increased the demand for the use of network applications fitted with GPS tools, thereby paving the way for cheaper and more reliable GPS devices.

Industry Customers  United States military  United States and Canadian Coast Guards  Car rental companies  U.S. Defense Mapping Agency  Car manufacturers, e.g. GM  The aviation industry  Individual consumers

Company Analysis - Military  The United States military Industry has adopted the GPS information technology as a main purpose of enhancing the effectiveness of military forces

Military Application The primary military applications of GPS can be grouped as follows:  Application in Rescue  Aviation Application  Navigation Application  Tracking Application  Map Updation Application  Facility Management  Bombs and Missiles guidance

Military Application Navigation  Unfamiliar Territory  Darkness  Sandstorms  Location of enemy installations

Military Application Tracking  Potential Targets  Personnel  Missiles and Bombs  Linked to auto-pilot

Military Application Missiles and Bombs  Unaffected by weather conditions  Resilient to Jamming  Hard to detect  JDAM for precise guidance

SWOT Analysis – Military Industry Strengths  Company Integration  Globalization  Demand  Future Management Weaknesses  Countries Security and Privacy  Technology Control  Precision and Coverage Opportunities  Safety promotion  Influence in Organization’s role Threats  World Peace  External Factors  Internal Factors  Signal Denial

Management Level Strategic Level Management Level Operational Level

Value Chain Analysis  To manage the integrated, mission-focused logistics environment, there must be highly precise tracking, planning, and execution systems and data.  GPS technology, autonomic health monitoring systems, advanced planning and scheduling systems, and real-time performance dashboards are examples of differentiating technology key to Mission Assured Logistics.  Systems that support the integration of the extended enterprise, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), supplier and customer collaboration tools, and forecasting software are the “price of entry” to fulfilling the IT requirements associated with assuming responsibility for mission outcome.

Value Chain Model

Interview  Interview feedback was limited because everyone contacted did not want to reveal any information for security reasons.

Conclusions  The military applications of GPS have already been profound and promise to become more so, as both U.S. and foreign forces exploit the availability of precision time and location data.  GPS technology started as a military system that allowed for civil access, but has become a necessity to civil, commercial, and military infrastructures around the world.  With war clouds over every region of the world, everyone especially in Iraq and Afghanistan will witness the state of the art weaponry used by the US led forces. Most of these, either directly or indirectly will be using GPS to accurately target and achieve the desired results.  GPS based weapon systems are here to stay and will form the backbone for the future development of better, more accurate and lethal munitions.

Recommendations  United States should issue a statement of national policy on the Global Positioning System to provide a more stable framework for public- and private sector decision-making.  The United States should initiate discussions with Japan and Europe on regional security and economic issues associated with GPS that will potentially lead to international agreements.  The Department of Defense should ensure that it would have access to GPS signals even in a challenged environment and should develop and field anti-jam receivers and antenna enhancements.

Recommendation – Contd.  The Department of Defense should also ensure it has adequate electronic countermeasures to deny GPS, GPS augmentations, and GLONASS signals to an adversary.  The United States should not preclude or deter private GPS services except for reasons of national security or public safety.  The United States government should ensure that the GPS is funded and maintained in a stable manner; free of direct user charges to promote the adoption of GPS as a global standard for position location, navigation, and timing.

Questions