Tiny Technologies The Speculative Possibilities Work at MIT The Money Overview by Joost Bonsen * jpbonsen@alum.mit.edu The Speculative Possibilities Work at MIT The Money Business Implications Further Sources

Tiny = ? Micro through Nano in size / length scale MEMS, NEMS, PEMS, Molectronics, Spintronics, Photonics, optoelectronics… Nano + tubes, wires, crystals, balls, logic, rods, gears, engines… Molecular Engineering, Biological Engineering… http://cjmems.seas.ucla.edu/ http://www.foresight.org/

There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom! Feynman’s Vision There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom! http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html Dec 1959 Talk at APS / CalTech http://www.photosynthesis.com/RICHARD_F.html

Drexler’s Engine’s of Creation http://www.foresight.org/EOC/ 1985 Book while at MIT Dismissed often as “Pure SF”

Drawing Inspiration & More from Biology Ribosomes Flagellar Motors Muscles … http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/molecules/pdb10_1.html http://www.rae.org/revev6.html http://www.kapili.com/f/art/filament1.gif http://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/biophysics/Intro.html http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/tk/ce/flagella-s.gif http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookAnimalTS.html

Dimensions in Silicon and in Biology red blood cell ~5 m (SEM) diatom 30 m Simple molecules <1nm DNA proteins nm bacteria 1 m 10-10 10-5 10-9 10-7 10-6 10-8 10-4 10-3 10-2 m SOI transistor width 0.12m semiconductor nanocrystal (CdSe) 5nm Circuit design Copper wiring width 0.2m Nanometer memory element (Lieber) 1012 bits/cm2 (1Tbit/cm2) IBM PowerPC 750TM Microprocessor 7.56mm×8.799mm 6.35×106 transistors Source: Molecular Machines (Jacobson) Group

Tiny Tech @ MIT Research Centers Unifying Projects Faculty & Principal Investigators

Tiny Research Centers MTL MPC CBE SNL CBA ISN …several others

Microsystems Technology Labs http://www-mtl.mit.edu/mtlhome/ MEMS CAD Materials Fabrication Schmidt

MicroTurbine Project                                                              http://www.economist.com/

Materials Processing Center http://web.mit.edu/mpc/www/ Advanced materials Processes Properties Fabrication Kimmerling

Center for Biomedical Engineering http://web.mit.edu/cbe/www/ Molecular Engineering Cell & Tissue Engineering Physiological Systems Engineering Grodzinsky

Space Nanotechnology Lab http://snl.mit.edu/ Space Imaging High-Performance Schattenburg

from atomic nuclei to global networks http://cba.mit.edu/ from atomic nuclei to global networks Nanofab, Biofab, Macrofab Gershenfeld http://cba.mit.edu/docs/01.04.cbaproposal.pdf

Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology Protective Suits Human Augmentation http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/2002/isn.html Thomas “It sounds a lot like Science Fiction!” -- MIT Student & Comic Book Fan http://www.horizoncomics.com/radix/

Tiny Faculty Slocum Hunter Subresh Ortiz Jacobson Manalis Ippen Smith (a Sampling) Slocum Hunter Subresh Ortiz Jacobson Manalis Ippen Smith Knight Sasisekharan Endy Hammond Lauffenberger …many more

Precision Engineering http://pergatory.mit.edu/ Flextesters Slocum Group http://www-me.mit.edu/people/personal/slocum.htm

Bioinstrumentation / Nanorobotics Hunter Group http://biorobotics.mit.edu/

Cellular Solids Research Gibson Group http://web.mit.edu/dmse/csg/Research.htm

NanoMechanical Testing http://web.mit.edu/nanolab/ Subresh Group http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/nr/2002/nanolab.html

Nanomechanics Ortiz Group http://web.mit.edu/cortiz/www/

Molecular Machinery RF Biology Jacobson Group Printed Electronics http://www.media.mit.edu/molecular/

Nanoscale Sensing / Silicon Biology Manalis Group http://www.media.mit.edu/nanoscale/

Molecular Self-Assembly http://web.mit.edu/edgerton/felice/ Zhang Group http://web.mit.edu/lms/www/index.shtml

Functional Glycomics Sasisekharan Group http://functionalglycomics.mit.edu/cgi-bin/functional_glycomics/homepage.cgi http://web.mit.edu/tox/sasisekharan/

Lithographed Nanostructures Smith Group http://nanoweb.mit.edu/ http://rleweb.mit.edu/rlestaff/p-hsmith.htm

Femtosecond Optics “pulses … sufficiently short duration to capture the motion of particles in the atomic and subatomic regime” http://rleweb.mit.edu/Publications/webfeatures/Ippen_Killian.htm Ippen Group http://rleweb.mit.edu/Publications/currents/cur11-2/11-2optics.htm http://web.mit.edu/mphotonics/www/index.shtml

Microbial Engineering / Cellular Robotics / Synthetic Biology Knight Group http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/tk/ce/microbial-engineering.html

Systems Biology Endy Lab http://web.mit.edu/biology/www/facultyareas/facresearch/endy.shtml

MacroMolecular Synthesis Hammond Group http://web.mit.edu/hammond/lab/index.html

Biological Engineering / Bioengineering Lauffenberger http://web.mit.edu/beh/whatisbeh.htm

Tiny Money Billions in research Millions in VC Still early days NNI $600M in 2002, vs $420M in 2001 http://www.infocastinc.com/Nanotech/home.htm http://nano.gov/ http://nano.gov/2003budget.html Millions in VC Polaris, DFJ Corporate Venturing Still early days

Tiny Business Implications Profitable Product Lines in MEMS Startups in Nano

Successful MEMS Products TI’s Digital Mirror Device ADI’s Accelerometer

TI’s Digital Mirror Device http://www.vxm.com/TI4.jpg

ADI’s Crash Bag Accelerometer http://www.citizen.org/fireweb/airbag.jpg http://www.sandia.gov/mems/micromachine/analog_snl.html

Selected MEMS Startups Iridigm MicroCHIPS E-Ink Flexics Memgen Plastilogic Rolltronics

Selected Nano Startups OmniGuide SurfaceLogix Nanosys EngeneOS Calmec Molecular Electronics Zyvex Nanopto Nanotechtonics

Big Business Investments Xerox – e.g. Eink competitor IBM – deep investments Big Pharma Medical Devices – e.g. J&J + Medtronics HP spinoff Agilent – Nano LabChip

Dangers of Over-Hype Like AI in 80’s Some things are fundamentally hard Progress is rather bursty

MIT Sources MIT’s David Ward has a Nanotech pointer site, very good: http://web.mit.edu/dwward/www/nanotechnology/nanotechnology.htm The MIT Alum Association openDOOR February edition was on Tiny Technologies, very nice, very comprehensive: http://alumweb.mit.edu/opendoor/200202/ MIT’s Technology Review does a stellar job of covering ever smaller-scale Engineering: http://www.techreview.com/articles/nannan.asp

Commercial Sources Nanotech Planet Zyvex has a comprehensive Nano site http://www.nanotech-planet.com/ Zyvex has a comprehensive Nano site http://www.zyvex.com/nano/ ACRS NanoTech http://cr.org/

Other Sources Foresight Institute Nanotech Opportunity Report http://www.foresight.org/ Nanotech Opportunity Report http://www.foresight.org/NanoRev/NOR.html Sandia’s MEMS movies! http://www.sandia.gov/mems/micromachine/movies.html NanoSIG.org

3D thru Cross-Eye http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/visuals.html