By: Annie La ED 7202, Spring 2012

Table of Contents Research Design Threats to Internal Validity Threats to External Validity Proposed Data Pre-Test/ Post-Test Data Results Survey Data Analysis and Correlation Teacher and Student Surveys References

Research Design Quasi-Experimental Design Non-equivalent control group Two groups Groups randomly assigned but individuals are not Individuals based on reading level: J/K/L Groups may include IEP and ELL learners Symbol Design: O X 1 O O X 2 O (O) Pre-test, (X 1 ) Treatment for Group 1, (X 2 ) Treatment for Group 2, (O) Post-test

Threats to Internal Validity History Maturation Testing/ Pretesting Instrumentation Mortality Statistical Regression Selection-Maturation Interaction

Threats to External Validity Ecological Validity New York City public schools Multiple Treatments An increase in guided reading throughout the day/week Novelty Effect Guided reading books online

Proposed Data Pre-Tests & Post-Tests Fountas & Pinnell Benchmark Assessment System Assesment level: K Student Surveys Demographics, Frequency, Attitudes, Short Response Teacher Surveys Frequency, Attitudes

Pre-Test/ Post-Test Results Descriptive Statistics Pre-TestPost-Test Mean Median Mode91.000N/A Range Descriptive Statistics Pre-TestPost-Test Mean Median ModeN/A Range %3.70%

Survey Analysis and Correlation Pre-Test Scores Post Test Scores.rxy= rxy=0.797 Studentxy Studentxy

Student Survey Sample Question: Part I: Frequencies Directions: Fill in the lettered box corresponding to your answer. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Never- Once 2-3 times 4-5 times Everyday 0 times per week per week per week 1. I spend time reading outside of school. 1. _______ 2. I spend time reading in school. 2. _______ Part III: Short Response 1. What are some of your favorite books to read? _______________________________________________________

Student Surveys Cont. Sample Question: Part IV: Background Information Directions: Fill in completely the lettered box corresponding to your answer. Example: Answer = a = = b = = c = = d = = e = 1. Gender: a. Maleb. Female1. __________ 2. Where were you born?2. ________ a. USA b. South/ Central America c. Europe or Canada d. Asia e. Africa

Teacher Survey Sample Question Part II: Agree/ Disagree Directions: Fill in the lettered box corresponding to your answer. Example: (1) (2) (3) (4) Strongly AgreeDisagree Strongly Agree Disagree 1. My lesson plans are interdisciplinary with reading. 1. ____ 2. I conduct read aloud in my classroom. 2. ____

References O’Connor-Petruso, S. (2012). Descriptive Statistics Threats to Validity [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from