OLED Devices and Applications By Sarkis Arabyan 23449826 12/4/08

Outline Motivation How OLED works Types of OLEDs Advantages and Challenges Current and Future Applications

Motivation 41 in Samsung Prototype

How OLED Works Cathode Emissive Layer Conductive Layer Anode Substrate

How OLED Works Voltage applied across Cathode and Anode Typically 2V-10V Current flows from cathode to anode Electrons flow to emissive layer Electrons removed from conductive layer leaving holes Holes jump into emissive layer Electron and hole combine and light emitted

How OLED Works Different Colors Intensity/brightness type of organic molecule in the emissive layer 3 molecules used -RGB Intensity/brightness amount of current

Types of OLEDs Passive-matrix OLED Active-matrix OLED Transparent OLED Top-emitting OLED Foldable OLED White OLED

1. Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED) Perpendicular cathode/anode strip orientation Light emitted at intersection (pixels) External circuitry Turns on/off pixels Large power consumption Used on 1-3 inch screens Alphanumeric displays

2. Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED) Full layers of cathode, anode, organic molecules Thin Film Transistor matrix (TFT) on top of anode Internal circuitry to determine which pixels to turn on/off Less power consumed then PMOLED Used for larger displays

3. Transparent OLED TOLED Transparent substrate, cathode and anode Bi-direction light emission Passive or Active Matrix OLED Useful for heads-up display Transparent projector screen glasses

4. Top-emitting OLED TEOLED Non-transparent or reflective substrate Transparent Cathode Used with Active Matrix Device Smart card displays

5. Foldable OLED Flexable metalic foil or plastic substrate Lightweight and durable Reduce display breaking Clothing OLED

6. White OLED Emits bright white light Replace fluorescent lights Reduce energy cost for lighting True Color Qualities

6. White OLED Cellphone backlight white OLED vs standard LED from Organic Lighting Technologies LLC

OLED Advantages over LED and LCD Thinner, lighter and more flexible Plastic substrates rather then glass High resolution (<5um pixel size) and fast switching (1-10um) Do not require backlight, light generated Low voltage, low power and emissive source Robust Design (Plastic Substrate) Larger sized displays Brighter- good daylight visibility Larger viewing angles -170o

OLED Disadvantages Lifetime Expensive Susceptible to water White, Red, Green  46,000-230,000 hours About 5-25 years Blue  14,000 hours About 1.6 years Expensive Susceptible to water Overcome multi-billion dollar LCD market

Applications Samsung Roadmap 2009 - 14,15, and 21 inch OLED panel Kodak LS633 EasyShare with OLED display The Sony 11-inch XEL-1 OLED TV Samsung Roadmap 2009 - 14,15, and 21 inch OLED panel 2010 - 40 to 42 inch full HD OLED panel Toshiba Roadmap 2009 – 30 inch Full HD panel

Applications From OLED Technology Roadmap

Applications World’s First OLED Lamp A 2'x2' white light prototype by GE World’s First OLED Lamp

Applications http://www.oled-info.com/buy-oled

Conclusions Limited use caused by degradation of materials. OLED will replace current LED and LCD technologies Expensive Flexibility and thinness will enable many applications

Work Cited Bardsley, James. "International OLED Technology Roadmap." IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS. Jan. 2004. IEEE. <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp? arnumber=01288066>. Freudenrich, Craig, Ph.D. "How OLEDs Work." Howstuffworks. 2008. <http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled.htm>. OLED-info. "OLED Lights and Sony OLEDs." OLED displays and television resources, info and news. 2008. <http://www.oled-info.com/>. Organic Lighting Technologies. "Technology." Organic Lighting Technologies LLC. 2006. <http://www.o- lite.com/technology.htm>.

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