Chapter 2 – Cell structure & the cell cycle. Plant Cells.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2 – Cell structure & the cell cycle

Plant Cells

What distinguishes plant cells?  Plastids (chloroplasts, etc.)  Cell wall  Large central vacuole  Plant cell specific connections

Where are the chloroplasts?  Plastids –Chloroplasts –Leucoplasts  Amylopasts  Elaioplasts (niyb)

Plastids - Chromoplasts

Chloroplasts, mitochondria and endosymbiosis

Chloroplast Genome  Circular DNA molecule  Replicate independently  Sequence characteristics resembles that of bacteria

Paramecium with endosymbiont Chlorella

Plant cell walls  Primary cell walls  Secondary cell walls -for structural support

Cell walls  Pectins (proteins) and hemicelluloses (carbohydrates) link cellulose molecules together

Cell Walls  Lignin strengthens & waterproofs secondary cell walls

Plant cell connections  Middle lamella (pectins) hold cells together  Bordered pits speed water and solute diffusion through cells with secondary cell walls

Bordered pits

Plant cell connections  Plasmodesmata provide cytoplasmic connections between cells

Plasmodesmata

Cytoskeleton  Microtubules  Microfilaments  Motor proteins (walking molecules)

Movement in plant cells and the cytoskeleton

Plant cell research  Plasmodesmata Plasmodesmata

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