Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Chapter 2 Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Nursing ProcessResearch Process 1. Assessment 1. Knowledge of the world A. Data collectionof nursing B. Data interpretation 2. Nursing diagnosis2.Problem and purpose identification 3. Plan3.Methodology A. Goal identificationA. Design B. Planned interventionsB. Sample C. Measurement Comparison of the Nursing Process and the Research Process

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Comparison of the Nursing Process and the Research Process (cont) Nursing Process Research Process 4. Implementation 4. Data collection and analysis 5. Evaluation and 5. Outcomes and modification disseminating findings

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Types of Quantitative Research Descriptive Correlational Quasi-experimental Experimental

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Quantitative Research Most common type of research Descriptive and correlational: used predominantly to generate nursing knowledge Quasi-experimental: increasing with testing of nursing interventions Experimental: infrequently conducted

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Increased control with type of study Quantitative Research Descriptive Correlational Quasi-experimental Experimental

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Type of Study Conducted Knowledge available on topic Expertise of researcher –Replication versus original research Resources of researcher: funding –Amount of funding –Sources of funding

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Basic research Applied research Rigor Control Concepts Relevant to Quantitative Research

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Basic or Applied Research Quantitative studies are basic or applied. Basic research: concerned with underlying mechanisms of an intervention, such as effect of pressure on tissues Applied research: concerned with effect of the intervention on the patient, such as turning patient to relieve pressure

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Types of Research Settings Natural or field settings Partially controlled settings Highly controlled or laboratory settings

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Steps of the Quantitative Research Process Research problem and purpose Literature review Study framework Objectives, questions, or hypotheses Study variables

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t) Assumptions Limitations Research design Population and sample Methods of measurement

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Steps of the Quantitative Research Process (con’t) Data collection and analysis Research outcomes Communication of findings

Elsevier Science (USA) items and derived items copyright © 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. What type of study was conducted? What was the setting for the study? Were the steps for the research process clearly identified? Were any of the steps missing? Did the steps of the study logically link together? Initial Research Report Critique