2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Epidemiology of Diving Accidents and Deaths 2006 Report (2004 Data)

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Medical Services Volume

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN DCS Thousands Cumulative Project Dive Exploration Progress

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Annual Record of Dive Injuries Year Number of Cases

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Annual Record of U.S. & Canadian Diving Fatalities Number of Fatalities Year

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Annual Record of U.S. & Canadian Breath-hold Diving Injuries Year Number of Cases

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Annual DCS Incidence Rates/10,000 Dives at Scapa Flow and in the Caribbean Among Divers Enrolled in PDE DCS Per 10,000 Dives

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Annual DCS Incidence Rates/10,000 Divers at Scapa Flow and in the Caribbean Among Divers Enrolled in Project Dive Exploration DCS Per 10,000 Divers

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Annual Diving Death Incidence Rates/ 100,000 Divers for DAN and BSAC Members Fatalities per 100,000 Members

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Cumulative Number of PDE Dives Collected from Year Dive Exposures (Thousands) N = 105,135

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Contributors of PDE Data Source Liveaboard Collection Centers 6,59313,04612,040 DAN Interns 4,8786,4493,939 Scapa Flow Collection Center 2,7952,4762,412 Recreational Dive Professionals (RDP) 1,2832,3962,173 Independent Divers 1,5112,4003,348 TOTAL17,06026,76723,912

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Age and Gender of Divers Percentage of Divers Age Group (Years) N = 1,521

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Age Distribution of Pre-teen and Teenage Divers Frequency Age (Years) N = 65

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Percentage of 2004 PDE Volunteers by Certification of Divers and Gender Percent of Divers N = 1,521

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Percentage of PDE Volunteers by Number of Years Since Certification Years of Diving >

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Chronic Health Conditions Reported by PDE Volunteers Percent of PDE Divers N = 1,521

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Acute Health Problems Before Diving Reported by PDE Divers Percent of PDE Divers N = 1,521

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Percentage of the PDE Sample by Dive Platform Percentage of PDE Dives N = 23,947

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Subjective Thermal Comfort Percentage of PDE Dives N = 23,947

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Reported Thermal Comfort in PDE Dive Groups (N = 23,912) Thermal Comfort Dive Group (%) Liveaboard Beach and Dayboat Scapa Flow Recreational Dive Professionals Hot620 9 Comfortable Cold88146 Very cold0100 Not reported1410

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Percentage of PDE Sample Reporting the Indicated Subjective Workload Percentage of PDE Dives N = 23,912

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Reported Work Rate in PDE Subgroups (N = 23,912) Work Rate Group (%) Liveaboard Beach and Dayboat Scapa Flow Recreational Dive Professionals Light Moderate Heavy2120 Not reported15120

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Single, Repetitive and Multi-day Dives Percentage of Dive Series N = 3,265

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Days in Dive Series Percentage of Dive Series N = 3,265 Days Diving

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Dives in Dive Series Number of Dives Percentage of Dive Series N = 3,265

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Maximum Depths of PDE Dives Percentage of Dives Depth (fsw) 16,512 Dives by Males 7,395 Dives by Females

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Depth of Deepest and Last Dive in PDE Dive Series (N = 3,265) Percent of Dive Series Depth (fsw)

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Dive Depth by Day Sequence in Dive Series Mean Depth (fsw) Dive Day Sequence N = 23,907

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Distribution of Dive Depths Among PDE Subgroups Percent of Dives Depth (fsw)

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Dives by Dive Planning Method Percentage of Dives N = 23,912

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Dive Planning Method Among PDE Subgroups Dive Plan Subgroup (%) Liveaboard Beach and Dayboat Cold Water and Wreck Diving Recreational Dive Professionals Dive computer Table Another dive Not reported

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Dives With Decompression or Safety Stop in PDE Subgroups Decompression Procedure Subgroup (%) Liveaboard Beach and Dayboat Cold Water and Wreck Diving Recreational Dive Professionals Safety Stop Decompression Stop None22085 Not Reported19260

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Percentage of PDE Divers Reporting Altitude Exposure After Diving Type of Altitude Exposure After Diving Percentage of Dive Series N = 3,265

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Summary of Outcomes Outcomen Dives Uneventful Dive22,621 Incident1,291 Non-DCI Injury12 Ambiguous2 DCI DCS I2 DCS II3 AGE0

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN PDE Dives With Reported Procedural Problems Percentage of Dives

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN PDE Dives with Reported Equipment Problems (N = 439) Equipment ProblemsFrequencyPercent Face mask Computer BC Fins Breathing apparatus Weight belt Other Depth gauge Thermal protection Regulator30.02 Pressure gauge30.02 Mouthpiece20.01

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN International Source of Injury Reports for 2004 Percent of Injury Reports

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Percentage of Cases by Reported Diagnoses Source of Injury Reports (%) N = 487

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Confidence in DCS and AGE Diagnoses Diagnostic Confidence (Percent of Group)

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Diver Age Groups Median Age of Group (Years) Frequency of Age Group

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Certification Level Percent of Injured Divers

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Omitted Decompression and Rapid Ascent Diagnostic Category Subgroup (%) Omitted Decompression Rapid Ascent AGE2971 DCS38 Not diving related00 Unsure (DCI)3352

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Days of Diving and Dives in Series DiagnosisDays In Dive SeriesDives In Series AGEMean N Median DCS Mean N Median NDR Mean N Median DCI Mean N Median

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Maximum Depth (fsw) of Last Dive by Diagnosis DiagnosisMeanNMedian AGE DCS NDR DCI

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Maximum Depth (fsw) of the Last Dive Before Injury by Gender GenderMeanNMedian M F

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Symptoms Per Diver Number of Symptomatic Divers Number of Reported Symptoms N = 264

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Percent of Reports by Individual Symptom Percent of Symptom Reports N = 264

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Specific Symptoms by Frequency Reports (N = 551) Number of Reported Symptoms

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Location of Specific Symptoms by Frequency of Reports (N = 551) Number of Reported Symptoms Symptom Location

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Location of Specific Symptoms by Frequency of Reports (N = 551) Symptom Location Number of Reported Symptoms

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Onset Time of Specific Symptoms Symptom Onset Time (hours)

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Treatments Per Diver Diagnostic Confidence

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Recompression Tables Used Number of Treatments N = 132

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN General Outcome (based on DIRF data only; N = 173) Percent of Cases

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Specific Outcomes SymptomFrequency Outcome after all Treatments Bladder or bowel1NC Deafness42 CR, 1 IM, 1 NC Confusion75 CR, 2 NC Respiratory65 CR, 1 NC Malaise3028 CR, 2 IM CR = complete relief; IM = improved; NC = no change

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN 1. Frequency of Diving Deaths by Country Country Decedents All US & Canada Residents United States5355 United Kingdom18 Australia121 Canada11 Japan82 Mexico65 Philippines51 New Zealand (Aotearoa)4 South Africa3 Thailand31

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN 2. Frequency of Diving Deaths by Country Country Decedents AllUS & Canada Residents Fiji3 Netherlands Antilles33 Guam3 Ireland31 Malaysia22 Turkey2 Spain2 Bahamas1 Brazil1 Cayman Islands11 China1 Costa Rica1

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN 3. Frequency of Diving Deaths by Country Country Decedents AllUS & Canada Residents Dominican Republic11 Ecuador1 Egypt11 El Salvador11 Estonia1 French Polynesia11 Israel1 Korea (North)11 Malta1 Myanmar11 Palau11 United Arab Emirates1 Virgin Islands (U.S.)1 TOTAL16088

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Regional Distribution of Fatalities in the U.S. Number of Fatalities N = 53

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Distribution of Fatalities by Age and Gender Age (Years) Percent of Fatalities

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Classification of Fatalities by BMI Percent of Fatalities BMI Classification N = 49

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Certification of Divers Who Died Certification Percent of Fatalities

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Years Since Initial Certification of Divers Who Died Number of Years Diving Percent of Fatalities N = 57

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Dives in 12 Months Prior to Accident Number of Dives in Past 12 Months Percent of Fatalities N = 44

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Time Between Previous Dive and Fatal Dive Percent of Fatalities Time Between Previous Dive and Fatal Dive N = 40

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Month When Diver Deaths Occurred Month Percent of Fatalities N = 88

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Diving Activity Percent of Fatalities Diving Activity N = 55

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Dive Platform Percent of Fatalities N = 88

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Maximum Dive Depth Depth of Last Dive (fsw) Percent of Fatalities N = 59

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Breathing Gear and Gas for U.S. Cases Percent of Fatalities N = 73

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Distribution of Fatalities by Dive Phase Dive Phase Percent of Fatalities N = 88

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Accidents by Stage of Dive Problem started Diver Lost Consciousness Surface Pre-dive Underwater Surface Post-dive Out of water UnknownTotal Surface pre-dive314 On descent/early in dive415 At the bottom Ascent3115 Surface post-dive Unknown71118 TOTAL

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Cause of Death Percent of Fatalities N = 88

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Disabling Injury Percent of Fatalities N = 71

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Disabling Agents Percent of Fatalities N = 88

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Initial Triggering Event Percent of Fatalities N = 88

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Divers in Party Percent of Fatalities N = 66

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Number of Divers in Team Dive Team Percent of Fatalities N = 66

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Distribution (%) of Described Primary Activity for Breath-hold Incident Victims in 2004 Percent of Cases Breath-Hold Activity N = 22

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Age and Gender Distribution of Breath- hold Incident Victims in 2004 (N = 22) Number of Cases Age (years)

2006 DAN REPORT Copyright 2006 Divers Alert Network DANDAN Recovery Depth of Body by Depth for Fatal Breath-hold Incident Victims in 2004 N = 14 Number of Cases Recovery Depth (ft)