Ranger Award Elective Requirements Venture Crew 851 Presented by Dr. Ed Hawkins 2014 May 5 Reference: “Recreational SCUBA Diving by Shaun Sykes”

Open Water SCUBA Certification

Topics of Discussion SCUBA – Its meaning and history Equipment Types of Dives Training and Certifications Health and safety Dive sites and statistics Crew Options

SCUBA Meaning and History SCUBA – S elf- C ontained U nderwater B reathing A pparatus Long history dating back from 332 BC Alexander the Great – wooden barrel dive bell Modern fins, mask and snorkel tubes were developed by fishermen from America, Russia, France and England in the 1920s and 1930s British “Frog Man” c Schrader – US Navy Dive Helmut 17 th Century “Dive Bell”

History (cont’d) Recreational SCUBA Diving began between , after Emile Gagnan and Captain Jacques –Yves Cousteau developed the self-contained “Aqua-Lung” and new regulator that was automatic. Cousteau took many successful, experimental dives with his friends, wife and two sons, making this an experimental family trip and experience Cousteau Society RV Calypso Cousteau Society Mini-Sub

Basic Equipment (1 of 5) Mask- Device covering eyes and nose, allowing you to see underwater Fins – Device put on the feet to extend the kicking motion underwater. Snorkel – Device used to breath air close to or on the surface of the water

BCD or BC – (Buoyancy compensator device) controls buoyancy up or down Regulator – Device that delivers air to you on demand at reduced pressure Basic Equipment (2 of 5)

Pressure gauge – (SPG- Submersible Pressure Gauge) and depth gauge tells diver how much air is in tank, and depth of dive Weights – Lead weights used to weigh down divers for depth decent Basic Equipment (3 of 5)

Basic Equipment (4 of 5) Wet suit – Insulated suit used to keep warm by warming a layer of water next to your skin Dry suit – Used to keep the diver dry and warm in cold temperatures Body suit – Warm temperature suit that keeps the core body warm

Basic Equipment (5 of 5) GlovesHoodBootiesKnife TankLightWatchScooter

Diving Apparel Temperature High 80s 80º - 90º F 75º - 80ºF 70º - 80ºF 50º - 70ºF Below 50ºF What to wear -A Lycra body suit, a shorty, or a dive jacket (the top of a two-piece suit) -A shorty, a dive jacket, or a full- length, one-piece, 3mm wet suit -A 3mm one-piece jumpsuit, or a two-piece wet suit -A 5mm full-length wetsuit, a two- piece wetsuit, or a dry suit with light weight insulating garments -A 7mm full-length two-piece wetsuit with gloves and hood, or a dry suit with insulating garments -A dry suit with insulating garments, hood, gloves or mitts, and possibly face mask

Types of Dives Types of dives – Boat, shore, pier How to enter the water –From shore, walk into the water without fins, then put them on in the water –In rough water, put fins on and walk in backwards If on a boat or pier 1.Giant Stride 2.Backward roll 3.Controlled Seated entry 4.Group entry

Types of Dives (cont’d) Decent Travel under water Hand signals Ascent Other types of dives – Seawater, Freshwater, Wreck, Cave, Night, Drift and Ice

Training and Certifications Pre-open water certification – Open Water Certified Non – professional certification – Advanced SCUBA diver and Master SCUBA diver Professional – Divemaster, Skin-diving instructor, assistant instructor and Instructor Specialties open to recreational divers – Underwater photography or videography, wreck diving, night diving, boat diving, ice diving, cavern diving, dry suit diving, Nitrox diving, search and recovery, career diver, etc.

Health and Safety Diving Hazards How soon to fly after diving – old vs. new philisophy DCS – Epidermal or cutaneous, muscular, joint and limb pain and neuroligical Hypothermia Hyperthermia Cramps Overexertion Nitrogen Narcosis Overexertion Nitrogen Narcosis Carbon monoxide poisoning Gastrointestinal barotrauma Heart problems Ear infections Nosebleeds Breathing problems Dehydration Diving while pregnant

Dive Sites United States: The Hawaiian Islands, Florida Keys, Catalina Island, California and many oceans, rivers, lakes and quarries

Statistics About 22 million divers world wide (2013) Top 6 states for SCUBA certification: Florida, California, Hawaii, Texas, Illinois and New York

Web sites for SCUBA access, research and resources PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors)- DAN (Divers Alert Network) - NAUI (National Association of Underwater Instructors)- The Ultimate SCUBA source - About SCUBA diving - Joe Diver America -

Crew Options Columbia SCUBA Open Water Training –5 Sessions: 2-hours classroom/2-hours pool –CA Swim Center at Wilde Lake (Thursdays) –“Open Water” Certification – 4 dives (two weekends) Quarry or something fancier (Florida Keys/Bahamas?) Required Gear –Mask/Fins/Snorkel/Weight Belt ~ $100-$200 Costs –$295 per student for Open Water Training –$15-$20 per student for log book –$65 per group for a “Book Kit”

Crew Options - Continued Columbia SCUBA Discover Scuba Splash Party –$25 per person –In-pool training with all equipment provided ( hrs) –Private party possible if more than 6 participants Need to allow 2 weeks notice –Scheduled Scuba Splash Parties 5/22 7/24