Biology Fall 2011 Organelles, Functions and Comparisons

We will discuss…  Basic Information  Description of Cells  Meet the Organelles  Examples of Eukaryotic Cells  Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic  Vocabulary  Today’s Activity  References

Basic Information  (from the Greek meaning truly nuclear)  These cells have a nucleus  10 times greater in size than Prokaryotic Cells  comprise all of the life kingdoms except Monera (Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia)  contain many internal membrane-bound structures called organelles  Plasma Membrane is present  Two Types of Cells Animal Plant

Description of Cell  Animal Cell Contains a number of organelles to help with its function Found in Humans and Animals Centrioles are present ○ Not found in Plant Cells

Description of Cell (cont.)  Plant Cell Functions similar to an Animal Cell ○ Most of the Organelles are present 3 unique structures ○ Plastids ○ Cell Walls ○ Vacuoles

Meet the Organelles… and their Functions A lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex, providing a barrier and containing transport and signaling systems. Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus. Pores allow specific communication with the cytoplasm. The nucleolus is a site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome Surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae. Functions in energy production through metabolism. Contains its own DNA

Meet the Organelles (cont.) Contains stacked thylakoid membranes. Responsible for photosynthesis, Contains DNA similar to Mitochondria A network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell. Covered with ribosomes (causing the "rough" appearance) A network of interconnected membranes forming channels within the cell. A site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids

Meet the Organelles (cont.) A series of stacked membranes. Vesicles (small membrane surrounded bags) carry materials from the RER to the Golgi apparatus. Vesicles move between the stacks while the proteins are "processed" to a mature form. Vesicles then carry newly formed membrane and secreted proteins to their final destinations A membrane bound organelle that is responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell, and also helps degrade materials ingested by the cell. Membrane surrounded "bags" that contain water and storage materials in plants. Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produced during metabolism.

Examples of Eukaryotic Cells Centric Diatom Kingdom: Protista Bread Yeast- S. cerevisiae Kingdom: Fungi

Examples (cont.) Pea Leaf Stomata Kingdom: Plantae Golden Colonia Algae-Synura Kingdom: Protista

Examples (cont.) Sunflower Petal and Pollen Grain Kingdom: Plantae Human Breast Cancer Cell Kingdom: Animalia

Examples (cont.) Human Red Blood Cells, Platelets and T-Lymphocytes Kingdom: Animalia Human Liver Cell Kingdom: Animalia

Prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes

Similarities?!?  Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes.ribosomes  Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane.plasma membrane  Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm.cytoplasm  Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells have DNA.

Differences #TeamProkaryote#TeamEukaryote  No Structured Nucleus Present  No Organelles present  Simpler structures  Cell Wall Present  Nucleus Present  Organelles Present  Complex structure  Cell wall may or may not be present.

The Comparison

Vocabulary Words  Nucleus  Nucleolus  Golgi Apparatus  Lysosome  Cytosol  Perixisome  Centromere  Centriole  Cell Membrane  Secretory Vesicle  Mitochondrion  Vacuole  Cell Wall  Chloroplast  Ribosomes  Cytoskeleton  Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum  Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Today’s Activity…  Virtual Lab and Color Worksheet  Go to the website m  Part A  Part A:Use cell models found on the website to define the vocabulary words from the presentation. On reverse side of the paper, draw a picture of both a plant and animal cells for your notes. Make sure to distinguish the differences between the two!

Today’s Activity (cont.)  Part B  Part B: Complete the “Eukaryotic Cell” color sheet.  Use map pencils or crayon (no markers or pens)  Match the organelle found in the cell with the correct name.  Both assignments are due at the end of the class period.

Questions?

References  aryotic_cells.html aryotic_cells.html  eukaryoticcells.htm eukaryoticcells.htm  el.htm el.htm  utorials/pev/page3.html utorials/pev/page3.html