Module 12: Domain Name System (DNS)

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Presentation transcript:

Module 12: Domain Name System (DNS)

Overview Domain Name System (DNS) Name Resolution Configuring the DNS Files Planning a DNS Implementation

Domain Name System (DNS)

How DNS Works Name DNS Server Resolver Application Application Sockets Transport Transport Internet Internet Network Network

Domain Name Space Countries COM EDU ORG New Zealand (NZ) Seattle Root-Level Domain Countries Top-Level Domain COM EDU ORG New Zealand (NZ) Second-Level Domain Seattle Student microsoft compaq purdue

Zones of Authority com Microsoft MKTG CORP R&D Zone 1 Zone 3 Zone 2 Name Server Name Servers R&D Name Server

Name Server Roles Primary Name Server Zone information in locally maintained files Secondary Name Server Zone information downloaded from a master name server Master Name Server Source of information for a secondary server; can be a primary or secondary server Caching Only Does not keep any zone information

Name Resolution 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 7 Local Name Server Root Name Server gov Iterative Queries Root Name Server 2 3 4 gov Name Server 5 6 1 8 Recursive Query 7 whitehouse.gov Name Server DNS Client

Inverse Queries Special Domain for Inverse Queries in-addr.arpa IP Addresses Reversed when Converted to DNS Inverse Queries 157.55.200.51 becomes query for 51.200.55.157.in-addr.arpa

Caching and TTL DNS Servers Cache Iterative Queries Each Cached Entry Is Given a Time to Live (TTL) When the TTL Expires, the Entry Is Flushed from the Cache The Remaining TTL Is Sent to the Resolver in the Recursive Response

Configuring the DNS Files Database File (zone.dns) Contains resource records for the zone Typically maps host names to IP addresses Reverse Lookup File (z.y.w.x.in-addr.arpa) Maps IP addresses to host names Cache File (cache.dns) Names and addresses of root domain name servers Boot File Used by manual start-up method

The Database File Stores Resource Records RFC 1034 Compliant SOA, A, NS, PTR, CNAME, MX, HINFO Microsoft Specific WINS, WINS-R

The Reverse Lookup File Supports inverse queries For inverse queries for IP network 157.57.28.0, file name created: db.57.157.in-addr.arpa Example resource record entry: 51.200.55.157.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR mailsrv3.microsoft.com.

The CACHE File Contains Names and Addresses for Root Domain Servers Windows NT 4.0 Provides the Cache File for the Internet Example entry: . 3600000 IN NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 198.41.0.4

The BOOT File Not RFC-Based, Part of BIND Implementation Controls Start-up Behavior of BIND-Compliant DNS Server Microsoft DNS Server Can Be Configured to Use Boot File Boot File Commands: Directory Cache Primary Secondary

Planning a DNS Implementation  Small Companies  Can use ISP DNS servers for queries and to store company domain names Larger Companies Maintain their own DNS servers Two DNS Servers Recommended Primary name server Secondary name server

Registering with the Parent Domain Second-Level Domain Contact InterNIC microsoft.com compaq.com purdue.edu Seattle Student Contact Domain Administrator

Lab 16: Planning DNS Server Implementation

Review Domain Name System (DNS) Name Resolution Configuring the DNS Files Planning a DNS Implementation