Water Quality Standards: Rulemaking Pipeline Adrienne Nemura Geosyntec Consultants US Conference of Mayors Water Council Washington, DC April 30, 2015
Chemical-specific standards for surface water Drinking water Aquatic life –Ammonia (2013) –Chloride (2015?) –Selenium (2015?) –Conductivity (2015?) –Aluminum (2016?) Human health –Toxic pollutants (2015?) –Viruses (2016?) Etc
Chloride (2015?) New research shows chloride toxicity depends on hardness & sulfate New criteria in Iowa Provides site- specific relief Should result in fewer 303(d) listings for chloride
Selenium Levels in Soil by County
Selenium (2015?) Pending for over 10 years Fixes deficiencies in science –Emphasizes fish tissue levels over instream concentrations –Significant input from regulated communities But...concerns about endangered species –Fish & Wildlife Service & NGOs –Getting involved in draft NPDES permits
Conductivity (2015?) EPA issued guidelines for review of Appalachian coal mines –If ~ 500 microSiemens, EPA denies NPDES permit Possible expansion nationwide Risk of very stringent limits on solids discharges EPA’s Scientific Advisory Board recommends EPA demonstrate linkage between conductivity and biological communities
EPA also has regulations and policies for implementing standards NPDES permit limits –wastewater treatment plants –municipal storm sewer systems (MS4s) Clean Water Act § 303(d) impaired waters list Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) Strict pollutant- by-pollutant approach Narrow regulatory relief (variance) Integrated planning for municipal wastewater and stormwater Holistic watershed & utility planning with adaptive management
Water Quality Standards Regulation at Office of Management & Budget (OMB) EPA intent is to “clarify” 6 areas; is clarification needed? Risks –States having to re-examine ALL water quality standards every three years Threat of EPA disapproval & promulgation of federal criteria –More difficult to apply for relief –New requirements/limitations for compliance schedules –“Antidegradation” used to set higher bars More 303(d) listings More stringent permit limits –Introduces requirement for defining “highest attainable use” 78 Fed. Reg ; Sep. 4, 2013
Water Quality Standards: Rulemaking Pipeline US Conference of Mayors Water Council April 30, 2015 Adrienne Nemura, P.E. Ann Arbor, MI (734)