1 sonnets Fromsonnetta or “little song” From sonnetta or “little song”
2 Definition(s) 14 lines of poetry with set rhyme 14 lines of poetry with set rhyme Usually iambic pentameter Usually iambic pentameter Italian sonnets = 11 syllables/line Italian sonnets = 11 syllables/line French sonnets = 12 syllables/line ( aka Alexandrine) French sonnets = 12 syllables/line ( aka Alexandrine) Meant to be sung Meant to be sung Usually about [courtly] love Usually about [courtly] love
3 Some Sonneteers Petrarch ( ) Wyatt ( ) Wyatt ( ) Spenser ( ) Spenser ( ) Sidney ( ) Shakespeare ( 1564? ) Sidney ( ) Shakespeare ( 1564? ) Donne (1571 ca ) Donne (1571 ca ) Milton ( ) Milton ( )
4 Sonnet Sequences Many sonneteers wrote in “cycles” or sequences Sidney Astophil & Stella (1580) Sidney Astophil & Stella (1580) Edmund Spenser Amoretti (1595) Edmund Spenser Amoretti (1595) Shakespeare (Dark Lady)? Shakespeare (Dark Lady)? John Donne Songs & Sonnets John Donne Songs & Sonnets
5 Francesco Petrarch Poet laureate of Rome (1341) Poet laureate of Rome (1341) Wrote his sonnets to the fair-haired, blue-eyed “Laura” Wrote his sonnets to the fair-haired, blue-eyed “Laura”
6 Petrarchan or Italian – Octave (abba abba) closed rhyme (abba abba) closed rhyme Problem or question Problem or question – Sestet (cde cde or cdc cdc) interlocking rhyme (cde cde or cdc cdc) interlocking rhyme Answer or (re)solution Answer or (re)solution
7 Thomas Wyatt 1503 – – 1542 Lover of Anne Boleyn before she married Henry VIII Lover of Anne Boleyn before she married Henry VIII
8 Edmund Spenser Attended Cambridge University: B.A. (1573) and M.A. (1576) Attended Cambridge University: B.A. (1573) and M.A. (1576) Faerie Queene greatest work Faerie Queene greatest work
9 Spenserian 3 quatrains (abab bcbc cdcd) Problem or question Couplet (ee) Answer or (re)solution
10 William Shakespeare Major playwright Major playwright Venus & Adonis Venus & Adonis The Rape of Lucrece The Rape of Lucrece
11 Shakespearean 3 quatrains of interlocking 3 quatrains of interlocking – (abab cdcd efef) – Problem or question 1 couplet 1 couplet – (gg) – Anser or (re)solution
12 Hardin Craig’s Groupings (i) Generally … addressed to highborn patron addressed to highborn patron addressed to “Dark Lady” addressed to “Dark Lady” 127 not a true sonnet 127 not a true sonnet Some say 145 is not Shakespeare’s Some say 145 is not Shakespeare’s
13 Hardin Craig’s Groupings (ii) 1-17: Addressed to a noble youth, urging him to marry and reproduce 1-17: Addressed to a noble youth, urging him to marry and reproduce 18-26: Variety of themes 18-26: Variety of themes & 48-50: Poet is absent from friend & 48-50: Poet is absent from friend
14 Hardin Craig’s Groupings (iii) 56-58: Friend is absent from poet 56-58: Friend is absent from poet 33-35: Foreshadow an estrangement caused by fault in poet’s friend 33-35: Foreshadow an estrangement caused by fault in poet’s friend 38-42: Tell specifically of the fault alluded to in : Tell specifically of the fault alluded to in 33-35
15 Hardin Craig’s Groupings (iv) 53-77: the power of love and the beauty within us 53-77: the power of love and the beauty within us 71-74: a vision of the poet’s own death 71-74: a vision of the poet’s own death 78-86: rival poet sequence 78-86: rival poet sequence
16 Hardin Craig’s Groupings (v) 88-93: continuing the theme of estrangement; loss of love and of patronage 88-93: continuing the theme of estrangement; loss of love and of patronage 94-96: obscure, but on a friend’s fault 94-96: obscure, but on a friend’s fault 92-99: theme of absence 92-99: theme of absence
17 Hardin Craig’s Groupings (vi) : an apology for a long silence : an apology for a long silence : celebration of beauty, virtue, renewal of protests of eternal faithfulness : celebration of beauty, virtue, renewal of protests of eternal faithfulness
18 Other Groupings Tucker Brooke’s Tucker Brooke’s Charles Wolff Charles Wolff [
19 Finis