Sentence mood understanding verbs in the indicative, interrogative, and imperative moods

Standards ELACC8L1: c. Form and use verbs in the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive moods. d. Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in verb voice and mood.

Indicative mood Verbs in the indicative mood are used in statements of fact or opinion. in other words  verbs in declarative sentences (indicative = declarative) The following sentences use verbs in the indicative mood: The children played in the yard. The children play in the yard. Some students study diligently for vocabulary quizzes. Create verbs in the indicative mood to complete the following sentences: The Smith’s house _________________ last month. The students _________________ during class. Verbs in the indicative mood are simply verbs that can fit into declarative sentences.

Interrogative mood (may be considered a sub-set of indicative mood) Verbs in the interrogative mood are used to ask questions. in other words  verbs in interrogative sentences The following sentences use verbs in the interrogative mood: Are you going to the game? Do you play in the band? Rewrite the following sentences to change them from the indicative mood to the interrogative mood: Indicative: Jason made the winning shot. Interrogative: Did Jason make the winning shot? Indicative: Sarah gave her dog a treat. Interrogative: Did Sarah give her dog a treat? How did you change the verb to get from indicative to interrogative? added a helping verb placed the helping verb before the subject, separating the helping verb from the main verb

imperative mood Verbs in the imperative mood are used to give commands or requests. in other words  verbs in imperative sentences The following sentences use verbs in the imperative mood: Go to the game. Practice your instrument. Write sentences using imperative verbs, and make them the specified length. Be sure to underline the imperative verbs: One word: Two words: Four words: Six words: Stop! Go home. Jog around the field. Please, sit quietly in your groups.

Practice What is the mood in each of the following sentences? Underline the verbs. Do you have any notebook paper? interrogative We left the movie after ten minutes. indicative Turn left at the next corner, please. imperative

Avoiding Mood shifts You should not switch unnecessarily between moods in a sentence or passage. First, preheat the oven; then you should grease the baking pan. Which two moods are present? imperative  indicative How should the sentence be written? First, preheat the oven; then grease the baking pan. Eat some ice cream, and you should jog around the playground. Eat some ice cream and jog around the playground.

Avoiding Mood shifts You should not switch unnecessarily between moods in a sentence or passage. You could eat some ice cream, and why couldn’t you jog around the playground? Which two moods are used? indicative  interrogative How should the sentence be written? You could eat some ice cream, and you could jog around the playground.

Two more moods Conditional and Subjunctive

Have you ever been told, “You can do ______ on one condition”? Conditional Mood Have you ever been told, “You can do ______ on one condition”? A conditional sentence is a sentence that states what can be done along with the “one condition.” Think of the “one condition” as “thing 1” And the thing you can do as “thing 2” condition

Conditional Mood (continued) It states that one thing (a condition stated in a dependent clause) Common words in conditional sentences: might, would, and could. “thing one” Examples: If the class is quiet and well-behaved, they might play silent ball on Friday. Unless you finish your homework, you will not be allowed to use your phone. Despite the bad weather, practice was not cancelled. If it doesn’t rain, we could go hiking this weekend. will cause another thing to happen or have an effect condition “thing two”  leads to, causes, result in 

Conditional mood (continued) “Thing 1” and “Thing 2” can also be reversed. “thing 2” Examples: The class might play silent ball on Friday if they are quiet and well-behaved. You will not be allowed to use your phone unless you finish your homework. Practice was not cancelled despite the bad weather. We could go hiking this weekend if it doesn’t rain. condition  results from, caused by  “thing 1”

present and past Subjunctive mood There are two types of subjunctive sentences you need to be able to recognize: present and past

Present Subjunctive expresses a suggestion, necessity, or command Common verbs used: ask, demand, determine, insist, move, order, pray, prefer, recommend, regret, request, require, suggest Examples: The teacher recommended that I be in her class. I insist that you be on time the rest of the year. The judge suggested that we be given first prize.

Present Subjunctive (continued) Note the “abnormal” verb form: Aside from the subjunctive mood, you would never say, “I be,” “you be,” or “we be” the verb “be” is used where we expect to find different forms of “be” (am, is, are, was, were…) Examples: Subjunctive: The teacher recommended that I be in her class. Indicative: I was in her class. Subjunctive: I insist that you be on time the rest of the year. Indicative: You are on time. Subjunctive: The judge suggested that we be given first prize. Indicative: We were given first prize.

Present Subjunctive (continued) Remember: expresses a suggestion, necessity, or command Common verbs used: ask, demand, determine, insist, move, order, pray, prefer, recommend, regret, request, require, suggest More Examples: I demand that he do the assignment. Her mom insisted that she not play tomorrow night. I insist that Michael come to class early. I strongly suggest that he cooperate with the police.

Present Subjunctive (continued) Note the “abnormal” verb form: The subject/verb in the dependent clause would not agree (or “match”) if it were written in the indicative mood. Examples: I demand that he do the assignment. Indicative: He does the assignment. I insist that Michael come to class early. Indicative: Michael comes to class early. I strongly suggest that he cooperate with the police. Indicative: He cooperates with the police.

Past Subjunctive expresses an untrue situation, a wish, or a desire Common words used: If I were…. (when the sentence is NOT reality) I wish… Examples: I wish you were in my English class. I wish Mrs. Byerts weren’t so awesome! If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.

Past Subjunctive (continued) Note the “abnormal” verb form: the verb “were” is used where we expect to find different forms of “be” (am, is, are, was, were…) Examples: I wish Mrs. Byerts weren’t so awesome! Indicative: Mrs. Byerts is (or isn’t) awesome! If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. Indicative: I was/am/are (Aside from subjunctive mood, you would never use “I were”)

Summary Verbs in Indicative Mood verbs in declarative sentences Verbs in Interrogative Mood verbs in interrogative sentences (some consider interrogative a sub-set of indicative) Verbs in Imperative Mood verbs in imperative sentences (commands) Verbs in Conditional Mood verbs in sentences that state a condition “thing 1” and “thing 2” sentences Verbs in Subjunctive Mood often use an “abnormal” verb form (I be, he do, she were, I were…) express a necessity/demand (present) express a wish (past)

If it snows, the children will go sledding. conditional Practice What is the mood in each of the following sentences? She will bring her books to class. indicative If I were a bird, I could fly. subjunctive Help me! imperative If it snows, the children will go sledding. conditional Do you want to sit with me at lunch? interrogative