Obesity & Supplements The Fight Against Body Fat - Michael Dellogono -

A Growing Epidemic What is “Obese”? - BMI > 30 33% of America is obese

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2010 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

Growth Midsection to Wallet Obesity Related Disease - Leading cause of death Medial Cost = $147 Billion!

Industry Growth $22.5 Billion $26.9 Billion Dietary Supplements

Supplements Weight Loss or Profit ? Safe and Effective? - Massive weight loss claims - “Ripped” models - “Clinically Researched” The Asterisk *

Top Ingredients Green Tea Caffeine Guarna Phenylethylamin e Guggulsterones

Green Tea One of worlds most commonly consumed beverages Claims Boosts immune system Cancer fighting Reduced Cardiovascular mortality (JAMA) Improved Cognition

Weight Loss Green Tea vs Placebo 24hrs - Respiratory Chamber 50mg Caffeine 90mg Green Tea Green Tea : -8.2lbs/year! 1 kilocalorie (kcal) = kilojoules (kJ) Abdul G Dulloo,Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:1040–5

What’s Burning? Placebo - Fat: 31.6%, CHO: 55.1% Green Tea - Fat 41.5%, CHO: 45.2%

Habitual Intake Habitual tea consumption = 434mL/d % reduction in body fat - 2.1% reduction in waist to hip ratio

Mechanism

Caffeine 12% Elevation in metabolic rate is seen with caffeine 4mg/kg caffeine

Increased Fat Utilization FFA levels increased with caffeine supplementation ACHESON et al The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33: MAY 1980, pp Printed in U.S

Guarana Native Plant of Amazon Basin Primarily used as stimulant Commonly found in energy drinks

Guarana - Habitual intake Disease Impact Decreased hypertension Obesity Metabolic Syndrome 2.5-5% Caffeine: Coffee bean 1-2%

Guarana & Cognition Cognitive Drug Research assessment 75mg Guarana Speed of Attention Speed of memory Secondary memory factor D.O. Kennedy et al. / Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 79 (2004) 401– 411

Guarna for Weight Loss Increased time to fatigue in mice - caffeine? Associated with lower prevalence of disease Hypertension, metabolic disease, obesity More data needed as weight loss supplement

Phenylethylamine Monoamine Neurotransmitter Resembles amphetamine Potentiates neuronal response High amounts in chocolate

Phenylethylamine Low levels with depression Modulates release of NE and dopamine - weight control? Increased with aerobic exercise - “Runners High”

Guggulsterone Traditional medicine most common in India Used for arthritis, inflammation, obesity, lipid metabolism

Gugglesterone HDL decreased - LDL increased! NO CHANGE IN WEIGHT! Philippe O. Szapary, MD, Guggulipid for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia A Randomized Controlled Trial, JAMA, August 13, 2003—Vol 290, No. 6

Current Research! April issue of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism Is there evidence?

4 Categories Absorption Blockers: CHO and Fat Stimulants: Increased Metabolism Nutrient Partitioning Appetite Suppressants

Absorption Blockers

Stimulants: Increased Metabolism

Nutrient Partitioning

Appetite Suppressants

Article Conclusion “Currently, there is no strong body of research evidence indicating that one specific supplement will produce significant weight loss (~2–4 kg), especially in the long term. A number of supplements such as green tea, fiber, and low-fat dairy products may complement a healthy lifestyle to prevent weight gain over time.” Manore, Melinda. "Dietary Supplements for Improving Body Composition and Reducing Body Weight: Where Is the Evidence?" International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 22. (2012): Print.

Take Home Message Their is no magic pill! Supplements are just that - They supplement good diet and exercise Question big claims! Most supplements need more research! Understand what you are taking! More is not necessarily better!

Supplement Industry More research needed! Novel ideas needed! Effectiveness over profit!

QUESTIONS