In your Interactive Notebook: Unit.Day 1.5 Experiment Design 101 Today’s OBJECTIVE(S) -- WRITE THESE DOWN: – I can correctly distinguish between dependent and independent variables DAILY COMMENTARY – Explain why it is important to have controls on experiments, and name two. TURN IN: – Place DQ’s in can. – Big Shot/Career Posters – Surveys ON YOUR DESK: 1) reading journal 2) Daily commentary notebook 3) Unit 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: What is (and isn’t) Psychology? How do psychologists conduct reliable and ethical research?

Assignment Log Due/Past Due – Reading Journals 1.2, 1.4, & 1.5 – Commentary on Psychological perspectives (via edmodo) – Big Shot/Career Posters – Survey Design – Friday Quiz #1 Coming Up – Experiment Project – Reading Journals 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 – First FRQ (Free Response Question) – Friday Quiz #2 – Unit 1 Exam – Daily Commentaries

Today’s Discussion Questions Make sure your name is on the questions you submit, and that your question is unique. – This will be factored into your grade.

DQ’S, Updates & Reminders BIG PICTURE – Friday Quizzes September 6 – Projects Due Friday, September 5 th – Experiment Project – Unit Exam: Monday, September 9 th Today: – Lecture & guided practice – Partner Work – Independent Practice Tonight’s Homework: – Vocab Cards: modify or study all terms from Friday’s quiz, especially the ones you missed – Experiment Project – Get ahead if you want: RJ 1.6 – Griggs & – or Myers & 39-44

Survey Review Share out some of your survey questions What controls must be in place for a survey to be valid?

6 Experimentation Like other sciences, experimentation is the backbone of psychology research. Experiments isolate causes and their effects. Exploring Cause and Effect

7 Experimentation A summary of steps during experimentation.

8 Many factors influence our behavior. Experiments (1) manipulate factors that interest us, while other factors are kept under (2) control. Effects generated by manipulated factors isolate cause and effect relationships. Exploring Cause & Effect

9 An Independent Variable is a factor manipulated by the experimenter. The effect of the independent variable is the focus of the study. For example, when examining the effects of breast feeding upon intelligence, breast feeding is the independent variable. Independent Variable

10 A Dependent Variable is a factor that may change in response to an independent variable. In psychology, it is usually a behavior or a mental process. For example, in our study on the effect of breast feeding upon intelligence, intelligence is the dependent variable. Dependent Variable

Independent Practice SpongeBob activity

12 In evaluating drug therapies, patients and experimenter’s assistants should remain unaware of which patients had the real treatment and which patients had the placebo treatment. Controls on Experiments Double-blind Procedure

13 Assigning participants to experimental (Breast- fed) and control (formula-fed) conditions by random assignment minimizes pre-existing differences between the two groups. Controls on Experiments Random Assignment

Controls on Expermients Operational Definitions – Required for replication Involve numbers and must be quantifiable – Weight – Dosage – Decibel – Etc.

Evaluating the Reliability of Experiments Confounding variables – Unpredictable (or unexpected) factors that may skew the results A heart rate study in which one subject was nearly hit by a car on the way to the lab Early “studies” of intelligence found correlations between race and intelligence – Did not consider educational background, history of oppression, etc. Replication – can someone else re-create the study and get similar results?

Evaluating the Reliability of Experiments Hawthorne Effect – people behave differently when they know that they are being studied

Experiment Analysis Read each experiment description – Identify the: Hypothesis Independent varaiable Dependent variable Control group Experiment group Design flaws in the experiment

Unit 1 Project Design your own experiment – Work in pairs (may have one group of 2) – Be creative (you are designing but not actually performing the experiment) – BE SURE TO INCLUDE Hypothesis Control group & experiment group Dependent & independent variables Discuss a potentially confounding variable Be specific about 3 controls on the experiment Explain how you would represent your results statistically – Group with the most creative experiment gets 3 bonus points on our first exam

DQ’S, Updates & Reminders BIG PICTURE – Friday Quizzes September 6 – Projects Due Friday, September 5 th – Experiment Project – Unit Exam: Monday, September 9 th Today: – Lecture & guided practice – Partner Work – Independent Practice Tonight’s Homework: – Vocab Cards: modify or study all terms from Friday’s quiz, especially the ones you missed – Experiment Project – Get ahead if you want: RJ 1.6 – Griggs & – or Myers & 39-44