English for Careers Chapter 8 Mastering Adjectives and Adverbs

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 2 Your goals for Chapter 8: Know the difference between adjectives and adverbs Use adjectives and adverbs correctly Use comparative forms of adjectives and adverbs correctly

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 3 Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers. Adjectives describe (modify) nouns or pronouns. Adverbs describe (modify) verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 4 The four kinds of adjectives are 1. Pointing: this, that, these, those I like these kinds of apples. That cake is tasty. 2. Articles: a, an, the An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved Describing: Add details, depth, and color to language Consider some of the ways to describe an apple shiny ripe crunchy red rotten 4. Limiting: Define quantity -some, few, several, many John ate a few apples.

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 6 Adverbs often - but not always - end with ly (often is an adverb – no ly) Adverb describing a verb Sofia sang beautifully. Adverb describing an adjective She is a beautifully gifted singer.

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 7 Adverb describing another adverb The detective very stupidly failed to spot a major clue. Did you know? The adverb very is probably the MOST overused adverb!

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 8 THIS and THAT and THESE and THOSE Use this and that with singular nouns - this soup, this kind, that dog, that apple Use these and those with plural nouns -these types, those kinds, those people

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 9 The articles A, AND,THE – If a word begins with a vowel sound, use an: an apple, an emblem, an injury, an odor, an umbrella,an honor

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 10 Remember, vowel sound. an honest person a horror movie an unalterable mistake a uniform

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 11 Avoid double negatives When two negative words express one negative idea, the result is a double negative. It isn’t important to identify which negative words are adverbs and which are adjectives.

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 12 Two negatives shouldn’t be combined to express one negative idea. NO don’t never not neither nobody nowhere none never can’t never YES hardly ever not either nobody anywhere none ever can’t ever

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 13 Making comparisons with Adjectives and Adverbs Degrees of Comparison Positive = no comparison Comparative = comparing two Superlative = comparing three or more

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 14 The COMPARATIVE FORM - add er to compare two Positive He’s fast He’s clumsy He’s friendly Comparative She’s faster She’s clumsier She’s friendlier

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 15 With longer words, use more or less more beautiful more beautifully more logical more logically less careful less useful less extravagant less extravagantly

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 16 The SUPERLATIVE FORM – add est to compare three or more She is the prettier of the two girls. She is the prettiest of the three sisters.

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 17 PositiveComparative Superlative youngyoungeryoungest slowslowerslowest prettyprettierprettiest

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 18 With longer words use more/most or less/least most/least intelligent most/least careful most/least expensive most/least intelligently most/least carefully most/least expensively

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 19 She is the more intelligent of the two candidates. She is the most intelligent candidate we have interviewed. He is less serious than his colleagues. He is the least serious of all his colleagues.

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 20 A rule to remember: Never put more, most, less, or least before a modifier ending in er or est

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 21 IRREGULAR adjectives and adverbs change form for comparisons Adjective good, better, best bad, worst, worst Adverb well, better, best badly, worse, worst Irregulars are unpredictable

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 22 Note how better is the comparative form for both good and well Sue is a good cook, but Tom is better. Lee cooks well, but Tom cooks better. Tom is the best cook of all.

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 23 Sure and real are adjectives; they cannot describe other adjectives. Use adverbs or nothing at all. I’m sure glad you asked. No! I’m surely glad you asked. Yes! I’m real tired. No! I’m really tired. Yes!

English for Careers: Business, Professional, and Technical, 10 th ed. Smith and Moore © 2010 Pearson Higher Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ All Rights Reserved. 24 Checkpoint You can use adjectives and adverbs skillfully!