Fundamentals of Permanent Magnets

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Presentation transcript:

Fundamentals of Permanent Magnets Alliance LLC

Magnetic Orientation Isotropic Anisotropic (non-oriented) (oriented) Magnetic strength is the same in all directions Can be magnetized in any direction Almost all bonded magnets Magnetic strength is greatest in the oriented direction Can be magnetized only in the oriented direction Almost all sintered magnets Property of Alliance LLC

Main Magnetic Properties Residual induction - Br Coercive force - Hc Intrinsic coercive force - Hci Maximum Energy Density – (BH)max Maximum Working Temperature - Tw Reversible Temperature Coefficient - -%Br/C Curie Temperature - Tc Property of Alliance LLC

Main Types of Magnet Materials Alnico Ferrite Samarium Cobalt Neodymium Iron Boron Bonded Grades of the Above Types Property of Alliance LLC

Typical Supplier Data Sheet Property of Alliance LLC

Hysteresis / Demagnetization Curve Property of Alliance LLC

+B I Br, Bi I (BiH)max Hci Hc -H +H -B Property of Alliance LLC

Temperature Effects Property of Alliance LLC

Alnico Ferrite SmCo NdFeB(SH) 15.0 13.5 12.0 10.5 9.00 7.50 6.00 4.50 3.00 1.50 B (Kg) 25.0 22.5 20.0 17.5 15.0 12.5 10.0 7.50 5.00 2.50 H (KOe) Property of Alliance LLC

Magnet Characteristics Materials Typical Shapes Pro Con Cast Alnico AlNiCo Rods, Bars, U shape and other cast type High Br High working T Good T coef. Very Low Hc High cost High L/D Requires Cast Sintered Alnico Powder pressed to shape Complex shapes High Br, T Requires Tool Low market Ceramic/Ferrite SrFe2O3 Blocks, Rings, Arcs, Discs Most flux for $ High usage Low corrosion Low Br Requires tool Simple shapes Samarium Cobalt SmCo Blocks, Rings, Discs Arcs, Segments No corrosion Very low T coef Stable, No tool Very expensive High Co content Neodymium NdFeB Highest magnetic properties No tooling Corrodes Low working T Difficult to Mag Bonded Grades All materials Difficult geometries Can be insert molded or over-molded Various resins High tooling Low magnetics High volumes Property of Alliance LLC

Cast Alnico Magnets Property of Alliance LLC

Ferrites / Ceramics (SrFe2O3) Property of Alliance LLC

Neodymium, Neo, NdFeB Property of Alliance LLC

Injection and Compression Molded Property of Alliance LLC