9.8 Bell Ringer Title 4 new pages “Plate Tectonics Bell Ringer” Write claim and evidence

Types of Plate Boundaries Plate Boundaries: Where two lithospheric plates meet Divergent (what does “diverge” mean?) Convergent (what does “converge” mean?) Transform

Mid-Ocean Ridges (underwater mountain range) Boundary Plate Movement (what is happening) Picture Landform(s) Created Real-World Example   Divergent New Crust Mid-Ocean Ridges (underwater mountain range)    Convergent Andes Mountains Transform Slides are moving in different directions, or sliding past one another

Coding the Text: 2 symbols each (6 total) *= Important information Write summary sentence ?= Raises a question/Discussion Question Write question ??= Confuses you Reread and write what you don’t understand =: Reminds me of Finish sentence != Is new or surprising information Write thoughts : Unknown word. Write what you think definition

Divergent Plate Boundaries Divergent Video

Divergent Boundary When two plates move or spread apart from each other Connection: What causes them to move apart from each other? What hand motion would you use? http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

What does this actually look like? Video 1: http://www.videosurf.com/video/divergent-boundary-119597587 And Video 2: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2ED78244-ED66-438C-B2DD-55C2D810C4A1&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Two Oceanic Plates Diverging Causes Sea-Floor Spreading As plates made of oceanic crust pull apart, a crack in the ocean floor appears. Magma then oozes up from the mantle to fill in the space between the plates, forming a raised ridge called a mid-ocean ridge (underwater mountain range)

Age of Rocks As the plates spread and magma hardens to form rocks—we get the newest rocks on Earth near diverging plates.

Two Continental Plates Diverging Creates a Rift Valley or Ocean Basin As the continental plates diverge, they sink and can fill with water making a sea! --the Great Rift Valley, East Africa --the Red Sea

Ireland: Hikers walk in the shadow of cliffs Ireland: Hikers walk in the shadow of cliffs. The divergent Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above sea level, with the North American plate to the west and the Eurasian plate to the east.

Divergent Plates- Plates move apart Oceanic Continental What happens Sea-floor spreading happens and magma comes up and cools – forms new rock Plates spread and then sink to form a basin (bowl shape) or rift valley What forms Mid-ocean ridges Example: the Mid-Atlantic ridge Seas Example: the Red Sea

Summary Sentence How are the plates moving at the boundary? What landforms occur as a result of plate movement?

Divergent boundaries Convergent boundaries Transform boundaries Today we are learning about CONVERGENT!

Coding the Text: 2 symbols each (6 total) *= Important information Write summary sentence ?= Raises a question/Discussion Question Write question ??= Confuses you Reread and write what you don’t understand =: Reminds me of Finish sentence != Is new or surprising information Write thoughts : Unknown word. Write what you think definition

Convergent Boundaries There are two things that can happen when two plates move towards one another 1. One sinks under the other and starts to melt 2. They both collide and start to crumble and pile up.

Types of Convergent Boundaries Oceanic - Oceanic Oceanic - Continental Continental - Continental The only difference between the two type of plates is the rock composition and the density.

Oceanic – Oceanic (subduction) Same density; Oldest plate will go under (subduction) younger plate Trenches (deep cavern) & Volcanoes Mariana Trench DRAW IT OUT!

Oceanic – Continental (subduction) Oceanic plates is more dense than continental plate Ocean lithospheric plate will always sink under (subduction) continental plates because it is more dense! Volcanoes Ring of Fire in Pacific Ocean

Continental-Continental (collision) Plates have the same density Plates collide and crash into each other– lithosphere folds like wrinkles Mountains Himalayan Mountains

Convergent Plates

Types of Convergent Boundaries Oceanic-Oceanic Oceanic-Continental Continental-Continental Relative Density Both have same density, but one is older Oceanic is more dense than continental Both have same density What happens Older plate goes under the other (subduction) Ocean plate goes under the continental plate (subduction) They hit each other and squish upwards Landforms Volcanoes and ocean trench Exp: Mariana Trench Volcanoes Exp: Ring of Fire Mountains Exp: Himalaya Mountains

Where are we going? We appear to be headed for another super continent as North America, South America, Asia and Australia converge in the ever shrinking Pacific Ocean

Ring of Fire= Subduction Zones

Summary Sentence How are the plates moving at the boundary? What landforms occur as a result of plate movement?

Divergent boundaries Convergent boundaries Transform boundaries

Coding the Text: 2 symbols each (6 total) *= Important information Write summary sentence ?= Raises a question/Discussion Question Write question ??= Confuses you Reread and write what you don’t understand =: Reminds me of Finish sentence != Is new or surprising information Write thoughts : Unknown word. Write what you think definition

Transform boundaries Two plates slide past each other http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es0804/es0804page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

Earthquakes Occur at transform boundaries because great tension can build in the plates Eventually the plates snap and release all of the stored tension and shake the earth

Faults Cracks in the earth crust that occur when plates snap Example: San Andreas Fault (California)

Focus The point deep underground in which the fault fails

Epicenter Spot on earth’s surface directly above the focus

Primary (P) Waves Quickest wave and detected first; travel through solids, liquids, and gases

Secondary (S) Waves Second fastest waves; only travels through solids

Surface Waves Slowest and most damaging waves

Tsunami “Harbor Wave” in Japanese Giant waves caused by earthquakes occurring on the ocean floor Japanese Tsunami Mega tsunami

Summary Sentence How are the plates moving at the boundary? What landforms occur as a result of plate movement?

Plate Boundaries Tree Diagram

9.9 Bell Ringer Write your claim and evidence.

Plate Tectonic Stations Station #1: Seafloor Spreading Lab and Convergent Inquiry Lab Station #2: Plate Tectonics Brainpop Fill out sheet Station #3: Plate Tectonics Versatile Highlight/Underline and number evidence

9.10 Bell Ringer Is a volcano more likely to occur in E or F? Write your claim and evidence

Plate Tectonic Stations Station #1: Seafloor Spreading Lab and Convergent Inquiry Lab Station #2: Plate Tectonics Brainpop Fill out sheet Station #3: Plate Tectonics Versatile Highlight/Underline and number evidence

Convergent Inquiry Lab What does Map 1 represent or have on it (hint: look at the title and extras on the map)? Location of volcanoes What does Map 2 represent or have on it (hint: look at the title, key and colors)? Plate boundaries: Red Convergent, Blue Divergent, Green Transform Place Map 1 and Map 2 side by side.

Convergent Inquiry Lab 4. What do you notice now that the two maps are together? The large clumps of volcanoes line up with the plate boundaries 5. What color line/boundary do the volcanoes line up with? Red lines 6. What does this color mean (hint: look at the key)? Convergent Plate Boundaries (2 plates are coming towards one another) 7. Why do you think that these plate boundary lines and volcano lines match up? Volcanoes are formed at convergent boundaries/subduction zones

Convergent Inquiry Lab Based on what you have seen and what you know about Continental Drift and Convection Currents, how do you think volcanoes form?

9.11 Bell Ringer What is happening to the sizes of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean? Write claim and evidence. Atlantic ocean is growing; Pacific ocean is shrinking Pacific ocean is growing; Atlantic ocean is shrinking Atlantic and Pacific oceans are both growing Atlantic and Pacific oceans are both shrinking

Earthquake Brainpop

Seismograph Instrument that detects, measures, and records various seismic waves (Primary, Secondary, and Surface waves)

Frequent Earthquake Areas The pink lines show where transform boundaries exist: http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/plate.html News about Haiti: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/four-years-after-earthquake-haiti-says-its-making-comeback/ HAITI CALIFORNIA JAPAN INDIA

Think Earthquakes are rare? Think again: http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=earthquake Over half a million magnitude 1 earthquakes a year!

Major Earthquakes Each group will get an article on an earthquake. On your poster, include the following about the earthquake: Location Date Magnitude on Richter Scale Plate Boundary (Transform, Convergent/Subduction, Divergent) Devastating Effects

Earthquake Versatiles Finish for homework Write letter and word for answers Cite evidence for each questions by highlighting/underlining passage in reading that supports answer All 12 numbers should be displayed on reading

Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer At which ocean feature would the greatest amount of water pressure be exerted? Continental shelf Continental slope Abyssal plain Trench

The Ocean Floor

The Ocean Floor Many of today’s continent’s were once underground Georgia was under an inland sea hundreds of millions of years ago Just like the continents, the ocean floor has mountains, valleys, volcanoes, and plains How do we get information about the ocean floor? http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/env ironment-news/us-ocean-floor-mapping-vin/

Ocean Floor Features Continental Shelf: A long, gently inclined area where continent enters ocean Continental Slope: Steep side of continental shelf that is the end of the continent

Ocean Floor Features Mid ocean ridge= An underwater mountain range where new crust forms when plates move apart. Mid-Atlantic Ridge-world’s longest ridge formed by the North and South American plates diverging from the Africa and Eurasian plate

Ocean Floor Features Abyssal plain= flat areas on the ocean floor between the continental slope or trench and a mid- ocean ridge

Seamount: Underwater Volcano Ocean Floor Features Beach: Forms as a result of waves and currents moving sand and sediment toward the shore Seamount: Underwater Volcano

Ocean Floor Features Trench= steep, deep cavern on the ocean floor that forms when plates converge and one plate is subducted under another Mariana Trench : 36,201 feet (near Guam) It’s so deep that you could fit Mt. Everest inside of it!

The Ocean Floor Label the picture of the ocean floor using your K.I.M Chart.

Ocean Floor

Ocean Floor

Bell Ringer

Performance Task: Plate Tectonics Map: Title of country at top of map Highlighted or star county on map Boundaries surrounding country are outlined Boundaries are labeled Poster: Title of country List lithospheric plates bordering country List and describe plate boundary List and describe 2 real world examples of landforms or events in region Name Picture Description Explanation (why is this feature/event in the region)

Bell Ringer

Performance Task: Plate Tectonics Map: Title of country at top of map Highlighted or star county on map Boundaries surrounding country are outlined Boundaries are labeled Poster: Title of country List lithospheric plates bordering country List and describe plate boundary List and describe 2 real world examples of landforms or events in region Name Picture Description Explanation (why is this feature/event in the region)

Homework

Bell Ringer Moving together -Trenches Moving apart -Mountains Write down the three words: Divergent, Transform, and Convergent Put the words below under the correct term Moving together -Trenches Moving apart -Mountains Sliding past -New crust Earthquakes -Mid-Atlantic ridge San Andreas Fault -Volcanoes