Cancer “Cancer can take away all my physical abilities. It can not touch my mind, it can not touch my heart, and it can touch my soul.” – Jimmy V

Cancer Vocabulary  Cancer: abnormal, uncontrolled cell growth  Tumor: cluster of cancer cells  Oncologist: cancer doctor  Biopsy: sample of tissue  Benign: Non-cancerous; can only grow in one place  Malignant: cancerous  Primary tumor: Main cancer source  Secondary tumor: Satellite cancer cells

Cancer Vocabulary  Metastasis: moving  Remission: goes away (with or without drugs) or shrinks.  Relapse: return of cancer after remission  Pap test: swab test for cervical cancer  Digital rectal-prostate exam: men at age 50 – blood enzyme test.  Colonoscopy: entire colon exam  BSE/TSE: breast self-exam; testicular self-exam

Cancer Vocabulary  Lumpectomy: removal of lump in breast  Modified radical mastectomy: removal of lump & breast tissue  Radical mastectomy: removal of entire breast

Treating Cancer -- Chemotherapy -- Radiation -- Surgery

Chemotherapy  Also known as “chemo” is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. How does chemotherapy work?  Chemotherapy works by stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells, which grow and divide quickly. But it can also harm health cells that divide quickly, such as those that line your mouth and intestines or cause your hair grown. Damage to healthy cells may cause side effects. Often, side effects get better or go away after chemotherapy is over.

Chemotherapy What does chemotherapy do?  Depends on the type of cancer and how advanced it is… - Cure Cancer : when chemo destroys cancer cells to the point that a doctor can no longer detect them in the body and they will not grow back. - Control Cancer : when chemo keeps cancer from spreading, slows its growth, or destroys cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body. - Ease Cancer Symptoms : (palliative care) when chemo shrinks tumors that are causing pain or pressure.

Chemotherapy How is chemotherapy given?  Injection : through a shot in a muscle in the arm, thigh, or hip or right under the skin in the fatty part of your arm, leg, or belly.  Intra-arterial : directly into the artery that is feeding the cancer  Intra-peritoneal : directly into the peritoneal cavity (area which contains organs such as our intestines, stomach, & liver)  Intravenous : directly into a vein  Topically : comes in a cream that is rubbed onto the skin  Orally : comes in pills, capsules, or liquids that are swallowed

Radiation Radiation therapy uses high doses of radiation to destroy caner cells (tumors). Radiation damages the genetic material of cells in the area being treated, leaving the cells unable to continue to grow. Although radiation damages normal cells, as wells as cancer cells, the normal cells usually can repair themselves and function, while the cancer cells cannot.

Radiation  Brachytherapy …or internal radiation therapy, inserts radioactive material directly into or near the tumor.  External radiation therapy … or telepathy, uses a beam of radiation directed at the tumor.

Radiation Does radiation therapy have side effects?  Most common side effects include… - Fatigue - Hair loss near the treated area - Skin darkening in area exposed to the beam

Surgery  An operation to remove or repair part of your body to treat or diagnose cancer. A doctor may you use cancer surgery to achieve any number of goals, from diagnosing and treating cancer to relieving the symptoms is causes.  Cancer surgery could be the only treatment or it may be supplemented with other treatments, such as radiation, chemotherapy or hormone therapy.

Skin Cancer Skin is the largest organ in the human body – protect it!

Functions of Your Skin Protection Regulates Body Temperature Excretes waste Prevents loss of H20 Is a “sense” organ

Types of Skin Cancer  Basal Cell: Form in cells between epidermis & dermis. Slow growing, usually does not spread. Non-invasive.  Sqaumus Cell: Originate in the upper most layers of the skin. Grows quickly. Invasive.  Malignant Melanoma: Less common, but most dangerous. Begins in melanocytes (which produce pigment). Melanoma – most severe Carcinoma – most common (least aggressive)

Skin Cancer – Risk Factors  Over exposure to Ultraviolent rays  Outdoor worker (Farmers, Sailors, Lifeguards, Swimmers) constantly exposed to UV rays  Sunscreen SPF 15 or greater  Fair-skin people are at higher risk of sunburn  Tanning Beds  Latitude/Elevation  Snow Skin Cancer Slideshow

Identifying Skin Cancer  A.B.C.D.E.  Asymmetry: One half does not match the other  Border: Irregularity, edges are ragged, notched or blurred  Color: Pigment is not uniform  Diameter: Greater than 6mm or sudden change in size  Elevation: Most skin cancer is due to over exposure to sun when people are young