Today Finish anti-alcohol/tobacco skits- will be completed Monday as part of our review Quick Review Illicit Drugs pre-assessment Len Bias Video Discussion Group Work Group Presentations….if time

Substance Abuse Prevention

Quiz Take a few minutes to complete the pre- assessment. Complete this ON YOUR OWN Quiz

Video Len Bias

Discussion How did the video make you feel? How did the video portray Len Bias as a person? What was the community reaction to his death?

History of Drug Use Drugs have been used to alter one’s state of mind for thousands of years. Whether it be for religious, medicinal, or personal reasons, drugs have been prevalent for a long time. By the 1800’s chemists extracted elements from plants and started pharmacology. Initially some drugs were available over the counter and even added to some drinks (Coca-Cola). Around the 1960’s recreational drug use became increasingly popular.

What is substance abuse? Substance abuse is the intentional overuse of either illegal or legal drugs that can cause harm to the body. Substance dependence is when a person develops a physical or mental dependence on legal or illegal drugs.

Addiction A person is considered to be addicted to drugs when the individual experiences any or all of the following symptoms: – Developing a tolerance to the substance – Experiencing withdrawal symptoms – Taking the substance in larger amounts – Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance – Reduction in important social, school, work, or recreational activities because of the substance – Expressing desire to cut down on usage – Continuing to use the substance in spite of desire to quit

Who uses drugs? Drug users can come from all educational levels, races, and age groups. Drugs are not just something that we see on movies or TV, people just like you and I are drug users.

Risk factors for trying illegal drugs Age Gender Personality Low socioeconomic status Peer Group* Family Background*

Characteristics of non-drug users High self-esteem Strong family with a clear policy on drug use Open communication with parents Actively involved in community or extracurricular activities Higher socioeconomic status

Illicit Drugs Opiates/Narcotics- 1 CNS stimulants- 2 CNS depressants**- 3 Marijuana- 4 Hallucinogens- 5 Inhalants- 6 In your groups, research your family of drugs. Include the following: – Examples – How is it taken? – Effects on the body – Any legal uses? – Reasons to not use

Opiates/Narcotics Heroin Morphine Codeine Oxyconton Oxycodone Meperidine

Opiates/Narcotics cont’d. Opiates are natural or synthetic drugs that are designed to relieve pain, cause drowsiness, and produce euphoria. Opiates can be used for medicinal purposes but are highly addictive. Opiates can be snorted, injected, or absorbed through the digestive tract. Tolerance develops rapidly.

Stimulants Cocaine Amphetamines Nicotine Ephedrine Caffeine

Stimulants cont’d Speed up the nervous system. Heart rate speeds up. Blood pressure rises These drugs can also be smoked, snorted, injected, or absorbed through the digestive tracts. They also produce a highly euphoric effect and are very addictive.

Depressants Alcohol, Barbiturates, Sedatives. Slow down the CNS. Can be taken orally or injected. Reduce anxiety and produce mood swings. Coordination, vision, ability to concentrate, and speech are impaired.

Marijuana Active ingredient is THC Most widely used illegal drug in the United States. More than 80 million Americans have tried marijuana. Low dose effects produce euphoria, heightened sensory experiences, slowed sense of time, and relaxation. High dose effects can produce feelings of depersonalization, sensory distortion, changes in body image.

Hallucinogens LSD Mescaline MDMA (ecstasy) PCP Ketamine Psilocybin

Hallucinogens cont’d. Produce altered sense of time, visual hallucinations, improved hearing, mood changes, dilated pupils, etc. Largely used in the 1960’s and 1970’s Do not create physical dependence. “Bad trip” refers to a state of panic many people go into while under the influence of a hallucinogenic drug.

Inhalants Inhalants are the most widely used drugs among children. Very easy to obtain, can be found in most household laundry rooms or pantries. Can be sniffed, bagged, or huffed. Can lead to loss of consciousness, heart failure, brain damage, liver damage, death.

How to say NO!!! Don’t associate with situations or people that are conducive to drug use Stand strong and be firm in your reasons Walk away Be honest Tell the person how you feel

Activity two: Why don’t you use drugs?

How to get help Self-help groups: Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Professional treatment programs- methadone clinic, hospitalization, detox, counseling, etc. Have/be someone to talk to

References Sutton, D.L. Personal Wellness. Mcgraw Hill Co Goldberg, R. Drugs and Society. Mcgraw- Hill/Dushkin