FIVE…States of Matter ·Solid ·Liquid ·Gas ·Plasma ·BEC

Solids have… ·A definite Shape ·A definite Volume http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=States_of_Matter

In many solids, the particles are pulled into a rigid, organized structure of repeating patterns called a crystal lattice. The particles that are contained in the crystal lattice are still moving, but barely — it's more of a slight vibration.

Amorphous Solids Some solids do not have a crystalline structure and their molecules are found in a random arrangement.

Other Amorphous Solids…. Cotton Glass Marshmallows Silly Putty Chewing Gum

Liquids Have.. ·A Definite Volume ·No Definite Shape… (they take the shape of the container that they are in) http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html

Viscosity The liquids in this photograph have different levels The resistance of a liquid to flow. The liquids in this photograph have different levels of viscosity.

Gases Have… ·No Definite Shape (They take the shape of the container) ·No Definite Volume (They can be compressed into very small areas or can fill a room!)

The 4th State of Matter is Called Plasma ·It consists of matter that is heated so high, that the atom’s electrons are removed. This creates a very highly energized state of matter. ·Almost 99% of the universe is made of plasma. All of the sun’s matter is in the plasma state.

In our everyday lives we very rarely come across plasma. But, plasma is created as a lightening bolt flashes through the atmosphere.

There is also a type of plasma inside a fluorescent light or neon sign.

PRINCETON PLASMA PHYSICS LAB (NJ) was used until 1997… trying to make plasma to use as energy. There were many problems containing the plasma and achieving such high temperatures.

BEC….. In the 1920s, a young Indian Physicist, Satyendranath Bose, conducted experiments with the behavior of photons of light.

Bose shared his works with Albert Einstein who believed that all matter would behave the same way under extremely cold conditions.

At temperatures near Absolute Zero particles would slow down and act as one.

This is known as a CONDENSATE

BOSE EINSTEIN CONDENSATE In 1959, scientists were finally able to achieve temperatures near absolute zero and created the new material….known as ‘BEC’