Attack of the Perials Aliens from the planet Peria have landed on Earth. Their technology is light-years beyond ours, and thus our defenses are no match to their advanced weaponry. They want to take our water supply for their cosmic slip-n-slide. So long as we comply and help them drain our oceans and lakes (working for 3 earth-cents an hour), they will let us live and impart some technological know-how upon us. What will you do? Accept? Attack? Some other strategy? Answer in a paragraph on a scratch piece of paper.

Unit Title: The Age of Imperialism By Sam Irving

Given this picture, what do you think imperialism means?

Imperialism Defined BIG Idea: By the 1900s, a few European countries & the U.S. controlled nearly the entire world. BIG Idea: By the 1900s, a few European countries & the U.S. controlled nearly the entire world.

Imperialism :one country’s domination of the political, economic, and/or social life of another country. :one country’s domination of the political, economic, and/or social life of another country.

Causes (4 Rs) Rivalries among industrial nations for colonies. Rivalries among industrial nations for colonies. –Nationalism

Raw materials and new markets for the industrial revolution. Raw materials and new markets for the industrial revolution.

Religion: Christian missionaries Religion: Christian missionaries –To civilize and bring Christ to the “heathen” primitives. – Do all religions seek converts?

Racism: Some felt white, Christian Europeans were the “fittest” people on earth and should spread. (Social Darwinism) Racism: Some felt white, Christian Europeans were the “fittest” people on earth and should spread. (Social Darwinism)

“The White Man’s Burden” By Rudyard Kipling, 1899 “Take up the White Man’s burden- Send forth the best ye breed- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives’ need; To wait in heavy harness On fluttered fold and wild- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.”

Assignment ELT: Analyze how forces of change have influenced societies throughout history. ELT: Analyze how forces of change have influenced societies throughout history. Let’s reinforce the key terms and causes of imperialism. Let’s reinforce the key terms and causes of imperialism. – “The West Moves East” Reading and Crossword Reading and Crossword

Imperialism in Asia “The sun never sets on the British Empire.” What does that mean?

British Empire 1919

British India 1858

British in India Discriminated against Indians & forced westernization (English & Christianity). Discriminated against Indians & forced westernization (English & Christianity). Forced a cash crop economy Forced a cash crop economy –Led to starvation – Between , 30 million Indians died of starvation. Built an economic infrastructure Built an economic infrastructure – Roads, rails, & western schools

China Chinese isolation kept industrial technology out. Chinese isolation kept industrial technology out. British traded opium for Chinese goods. British traded opium for Chinese goods. –Led to war, Chinese defeat, & European domination of China.

Japan Modernizes Initially accepted unequal treaties with the west. Initially accepted unequal treaties with the west. Gov’t encouraged home-grown industry (1870s) Gov’t encouraged home-grown industry (1870s) Became an imperial power in Asia Became an imperial power in Asia –Defeated Russia in the 1905 Russo- Japanese War.

Q: Which cause of imperialism does Japanese history support? Q: Which cause of imperialism does Japanese history support? A: Raw materials and new markets for industry A: Raw materials and new markets for industry Q: Which cause of imperialism does Japanese history refute? Q: Which cause of imperialism does Japanese history refute? A: Racism (Europeans being superior) A: Racism (Europeans being superior)

Assignment ELT: Analyze how forces of tradition and change have altered societies throughout history. ELT: Analyze how forces of tradition and change have altered societies throughout history. Let’s look at one famous Chinese reaction to imperialism. Let’s look at one famous Chinese reaction to imperialism. – “The Boxer Rebellion” Reading and Questions Reading and Questions

Imperialism in Africa

Europeans went from the slave trade to exporting raw materials in the late 1800s. Europeans went from the slave trade to exporting raw materials in the late 1800s. In 1885, 14 European nations partitioned (divided) & claimed nearly all of Africa. In 1885, 14 European nations partitioned (divided) & claimed nearly all of Africa. –Irrespective of African cultures. By 1914, European nations controlled 90% of Africa. By 1914, European nations controlled 90% of Africa.

Help mini-me get to India.

British acquire the Suez canal to reach India quickly. (1875) British acquire the Suez canal to reach India quickly. (1875)

Two Independent Nations Liberia due to ties to the U.S. Liberia due to ties to the U.S. – Est by free African Americans Ethiopia due to the military leadership of Emperor Menelik II. Ethiopia due to the military leadership of Emperor Menelik II.

 Essential Learning Target: Gathering, analyzing, and reconciling historical information, including contradictory data, from primary and secondary sources to support or reject hypotheses. Let’s consider imperialism and Africa’s natural resources. Let’s consider imperialism and Africa’s natural resources. – “Africa’s Natural Resources” Map Activity

Circa 1763

Latin American Independence BIG Idea: In the early 1800s, Latin Americans, inspired by Enlightenment ideas, sought to end Spanish and Portuguese colonial rule. BIG Idea: In the early 1800s, Latin Americans, inspired by Enlightenment ideas, sought to end Spanish and Portuguese colonial rule.

Spain and Portugal Forced natives, then Africans, to labor farming cash crops. Forced natives, then Africans, to labor farming cash crops. Catholic Church converted natives and taught loyalty to the crown. Catholic Church converted natives and taught loyalty to the crown. – By 1800, the Catholic Church owned ½ the wealth of Latin America.

Colonial Social Structure Peninsulares: Upper Class Peninsulares: Upper Class –European-born whites –held all political power Creoles: Middle Class Creoles: Middle Class –Colonial-born whites –Owned land and businesses Mestizos: Lower Class Mestizos: Lower Class –Native & European descent, Natives, and Africans –Servants and unskilled labor

Which class was revolutionary? Creoles were revolutionary. Creoles were revolutionary. –Educated –Read Enlightenment philosophies (John Locke) (John Locke)

Haiti First independent state in Latin America. First independent state in Latin America. –Slave revolt in 1804.

Mexican Independence Under Miguel Hidalgo, natives & mestizos unsuccessfully revolted against the Spanish in Under Miguel Hidalgo, natives & mestizos unsuccessfully revolted against the Spanish in Wealth Creoles claimed independence in Wealth Creoles claimed independence in Central America soon followed. Central America soon followed.

South America Simón Bolívar Simón Bolívar –Venezuelan Creole –Started a revolt in –By 1826, liberated all of South America. – Wanted a unified South America.

Challenges to Unity Geography Geography –Mountains & jungles hindered trade & unity. Colonial Past Colonial Past –No practice in self-gov’t –Military dictatorships

Assignment ELT: Analyze how forces of change have influenced societies. ELT: Analyze how forces of change have influenced societies. Let’s take a look at one of Mexico’s most famous revolutionary. Let’s take a look at one of Mexico’s most famous revolutionary. – Fransisco “Pancho” Villa Guided Reading Guided Reading

Complete a “P.O.S.E.R.S.” Image Analysis on this cartoon.

American Imperialism BIG Idea: By the mid-1800s, the U.S. replaced Spain as the imperial power in Latin America. BIG Idea: By the mid-1800s, the U.S. replaced Spain as the imperial power in Latin America. –Included territorial expansion as well as modern economic imperialism.

Monroe Doctrine (1823) Proclaimed Latin America a U.S. sphere of influence, excluding European imperial powers.

Mexican-American War ( ) In 1845, Americans living in the Mexican state of Texas revolted. In 1845, Americans living in the Mexican state of Texas revolted. –U.S. soon annexed Texas Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo –Gave ½ of Mexico’s land to the U.S.

Which U.S. states were formerly Mexican territory?

"One is guilty of all abjection (injustice) that one does not help to relieve." "One is guilty of all abjection (injustice) that one does not help to relieve." "Other famous men, those of much talk and few deeds, soon evaporate. Action is the dignity of greatness." "Other famous men, those of much talk and few deeds, soon evaporate. Action is the dignity of greatness." – José Martí (Father of the Cuban Nation)

Spanish-American War 1898 Cuba was a profitable Spanish colony controlled with brute force. Cuba was a profitable Spanish colony controlled with brute force. –Cubans revolted U.S. ousted Spain and U.S. business began influencing the Cuban gov’t. U.S. ousted Spain and U.S. business began influencing the Cuban gov’t. –Denying Cuban ind.

Formally gained Puerto Rico, the Philippines, & Guam. Formally gained Puerto Rico, the Philippines, & Guam.

Other U.S. Gains In 1898 American businessmen overthrew the Hawaiian Queen. In 1904, T. R. took the Panama Canal through politics & Force. –T–T–T–To move the U.S. Navy between oceans to control its colonies.

A cross-section of the Panama Canal

Economic Imperialism Beginning in 1898, U.S. military forces were sent to Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic to protect American financial interests. Beginning in 1898, U.S. military forces were sent to Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic to protect American financial interests.

L.A. countries became dependent on cash crop, export economies. L.A. countries became dependent on cash crop, export economies. – Sugar in Cuba – Coffee in Brazil – Bananas in Central America

Rule by caudillos, or military leaders. Rule by caudillos, or military leaders. –Often supported by the U.S. –Huge wealth disparities between rich & poor. Batista in Cuba Pinochet in Chile

Assignment/Activity ELT: Give examples of how philosophical beliefs have influenced society. ELT: Give examples of how philosophical beliefs have influenced society. Let’s take a look at how the press influenced American imperialism. Let’s take a look at how the press influenced American imperialism. – “Yellow Journalism” Reading and Questions Reading and Questions

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