Opener Recall: what is Electronegativity? Where can you find it?

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Presentation transcript:

Opener Recall: what is Electronegativity? Where can you find it? What is the electronegativity of O? What do you know about the bonds oxygen molecules make in O2(g) ? What are the electronegativities of H and Cl? Based on what you now know about bonding, what do you anticipate might happen with HCl?

Polar Covalent Bonds

Covalent Bonds Remember, Covalent bonds form between two atoms with high ionization energy and high electronegativity The two atoms share the electrons between the nuclei

Water Water has two polar covalent bonds The oxygen atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen, so pulls the shared electron towards itself more than the hydrogen

Polar Covalent Bonds Since the electron spends more time around the Cl nucleus,the Cl gains a partial negative charge, and the H gains a partial positive charge This is indicated in each diagram using the δ

Determining Polarity We use electronegativity of each element to determine if a bond is polar It is the difference in electronegativity that is important Check : what is the difference in electronegativity of H-F C-H P-Cl

Bond Continuum An ionic bond is just an extreme polar covalent bond where the electron has been transferred from one atom to another Difference in electronegativty 0.4 1.8 Pure Covalent Polar Covalent Ionic

Determine Polarity What type of bond forms between C and O? Li and Cl? Li and Se? P and N?

Now try Draw structural diagrams for each molecule and indicate polarity where appropriate HBr Cl2

CH4 CH3OH