The beverage alcohol industry and alcohol policy ISAJE Helsinki 1 September 2006 Peter Anderson

Contents: 1.Who is the alcohol industry? 2.How does the alcohol industry represent itself? 3.What do social aspect organizations of the alcohol industry stand for? 4.Two examples 5.Two cases 6.Some questions

Contents: 1.Who is the alcohol industry? 2.How does the alcohol industry represent itself? 3.What do social aspect organizations of the alcohol industry stand for? 4.Two examples 5.Two cases 6.Some questions

Concentration in the global beer market Jernigan 2006

Concentration in the global distilled spirits market, CorporationCountry of HQ Global Market Share 1991 Global Market Share 2004 UDV (Diageo)UK10.5% (1)14.7% (1) Pernod RicardFrance5.7% (4)12.9% (2) UB GroupIndia3.7%(8)8.5%(3) Jim Beam (Fortune)US4.8% (6)5.9% (4) BacardiBermuda7.7% (3)5.8% (5) SuntoryJapan4% (7)2.7% (6) Constellation BrandsUS2.5% (10)2.5% (7) Brown-FormanUS*2.4% (8) V&S Vin and Sprit ABSweden*2.2% (9) Gruppo CampariItaly*2.2% (10) Total share of top ten 57%60.0% Jernigan 2006

Contents: 1.Who is the alcohol industry? 2.How does the alcohol industry represent itself? 3.What do social aspect organizations of the alcohol industry stand for? 4.Two examples 5.Two cases 6.Some questions

1.The companies themselves, e.g. Diageo 2.Category Associations (Beer, spirits, wines) 3.Social aspects organizations

Dangers facing beverage alcohol industry  taxes;  vigorous drink driving measures;  restrictions on availability;  treatment services;  advertising restrictions;  warning labels; and  ingredient labelling. Tim Ambler Grand Metropolitan, 1984

“It is generally agreed that the tobacco industry reacted to not dissimilar threats in a passive, inadequate manner and most of all too late …..” Tim Ambler Grand Metropolitan, 1984

The Portman GroupAllied Domecq Bacardi Brown Forman Brands Beverage Brands (UK) Ltd Carlsberg UK Coors Brewers UK Diageo Great Britain Interbred UK Period Ricard UK Scottish and Newcastle United Kingdom  "The majority of people who drink alcohol enjoy it without causing harm to themselves or others. The Portman Group acts to reduce the misuse of alcohol by the minority through a strategy of working with other organisations locally and nationally."

European Forum for Responsible Drinking (ex Amsterdam group) Allied Domecq Bacardi-Martini Brown-Forman Diageo Groupe Pernod Ricard Moët Hennessy Rémy Cointreau V&S Group Europe  Communicate thought leadership by developing tools that deliver evidence-based balanced policies.  Provide the intellectual base to drive positive change in attitude and drinking behaviour  Develop and promote programmes that seek to reduce alcohol related harm in partnership with most relevant stakeholders.  Promote the responsibilities of all social actors in the supply chain.

The International Center for Alcohol Policies Allied Domecq PLC Asahi Breweries, LTD. Bacardi-Martini Brown-Forman Corporation Coors Brewing Company Diageo PLC Foster's Group Limited Heineken N.V. Molson SABMiller PLC Global  To promote understanding of the role of alcohol in society and help reduce the abuse of alcohol worldwide.  To encourage dialogue and pursue partnerships involving the beverage alcohol industry, the public health community and others interested in alcohol policy.

Social Aspect Organizations Funded by Alcohol Industry Worldwide Brewing Alliance: Global social responsibility initiatives British Beer & Pub Association, 2003 From Babor, 2006

Contents: 1.Who is the alcohol industry? 2.How does the alcohol industry represent itself? 3.What do social aspect organizations of the alcohol industry stand for? 4.Two examples 5.Two cases 6.Some questions

1.There is a cultural complexity to alcohol consumption across Europe. 2.Alcohol-related harm is largely related to high- risk drinking behaviour. 3.Any alcohol harm reduction strategies should be underpinned by robust evidence and sound data. 4.The most effective harm reduction strategies are those that bring about sustainable results towards a reduction in risky drinking behaviour. 5.Reducing alcohol-related harm requires a broad societal commitment and a concerted effort of all relevant stakeholders.

Stakeholder analysis

1.Attempting to influence governmental organizations; 2.Becoming members of international organizations to broaden policy influence and respectability; 3.Recruiting policy advisers and scientists; 4.Creating social aspects organizations in low income countries; and 5.Preparing and promoting consensus statements and codes of practice.

Open lobby Open: classical, accepted and ‘legal’ lobby: Meetings with politicians Influencing political agenda Personal networking/ Old Boys Clubs

Hidden lobby Strong influence in the decision making process within the Ministry of Health They won the right of formal meetings with all partners: they want to be informed about every political strategy beforehand They initiated an informal subgroup with some managers in the Ministry They gained regular meetings with the Secretary General of the Ministry of Health.

Hidden Lobby At the most critical political moments (a marketing ban, a happy hour ban or a excise-duty rise) they have a direct access to the Minister of Health by a former Minister of Home Affairs who is commissioner of the drinks industry

Contents: 1.Who is the alcohol industry? 2.How does the alcohol industry represent itself? 3.What do social aspect organizations of the alcohol industry stand for? 4.Two examples 5.Two cases 6.Some questions

Babor and Xuan Alcohol policy research and the grey literature A Tale of Two Surveys NAT, 2004

Compared results of: ICAP survey of 48/114 (42%) countries, representing 22% of the world’s population WHO survey of 118/175 (67%) countries, representing 86% pf the world’s population

Compared Prevalence of existing policies between 2 surveys Reported on results of partnerships with the beverage alcohol industry from ICAP survey

Compared Prevalence of existing policies between 2 surveys Reported on results of partnerships with the beverage alcohol industry from ICAP survey

Regarding the issue of partnerships with the alcoholic beverage industry, 50% of the 48 respondents answered yes to the question: “Do you view the beverage alcohol industry as an effective partner in developing alcohol policies in your country?”

Among the respondents answering yes (N = 24), respondents were then asked to list the topic areas for potential partnerships

But, ICAP used the wrong denominator, 24, the respondents who answered yes to the question “Do you view the beverage alcohol industry as an effective partner in developing alcohol policies in your country?”, instead of the total sample of 48.

Munro AN ADDICTION AGENCY’S COLLABORATION WITH THE DRINKS INDUSTRY: MOO JOOSE AS A CASE STUDY Addiction, 2005

Alcohol Education Australia Ltd In August 2002, the Alcohol and Drug Foundation - Queensland (ADFQ) announced the formation, in conjunction with the alcohol industry, of Alcohol Education Australia Ltd. (AEA), to “promote responsible drinking and moderation in the consumption of alcohol.”

The host, Alcohol and Drug Foundation – Queensland, was a non-government, not-for- profit body with a thirty-year history. It conducted treatment services in residential, custodial and community settings, a prevention program, an annual conference, and published a quarterly magazine.

According to the Alcohol Education Australia prospectus: “The Company is owned by the Alcohol and Drug Foundation - Queensland, and was set up as a separate legal entity for the purpose of being recognised as a national public health organisation.” A board of nine directors will govern AEA, three appointed by each of ADFQ, industry stakeholders, and community stakeholders.

The Moo Joose case Within months of forming AEA, ADFQ intervened in a licensing case to support a manufacturer whose application to sell alcoholic milk (Moo Joose) was rejected by a state licensing authority. Two principals of ADFQ, the president, and the CEO submitted an eight-page statement in defence of Moo Joose and both appeared before the tribunal as witnesses for the manufacturer.

In supporting Moo Joose, ADFQ reversed a previous policy. In 1997 ADFQ declared Candy Shots, a vodka-based pre-mixed drink marketed in flavours of chocolate, banana, caramel, and marshmallow, “dangerous,” and called for proscription. The CEO said, “But everyone knows that underage drinking occurs and this is just the type of drink that will make it easier for kids to get started.”

Features of ADFQ’s defence of Moo Joose included:  The narrow neck of the bottle and the screw top would militate against the risk of drink spiking.  The four-pack was “a harm minimisation strategy” that would limit consumption.  The milk content would prevent excessive use and intoxication.

The Outcome Liquor Licensing Victoria rejected Moo Joose because it saw alcoholic milk as a corruption of a product known to be healthy and one that might easily be taken up by children.

Contents: 1.Who is the alcohol industry? 2.How does the alcohol industry represent itself? 3.What do social aspect organizations of the alcohol industry stand for? 4.Two examples 5.Two cases 6.Some questions

Two cases ‘Working for the alcohol industry’ ‘social aspects organization’

Areas where industry interests interact with alcohol science Industry sponsorship of research funding organizations Direct financing of university-based scientists and centers Research conducted through contract research organizations Research conducted by trade organizations and SAOs Efforts to influence public perceptions of research, research findings and alcohol policies Publication of scientific documents and support of scientific journals Sponsorship of scientific conferences and presentations at scientific conferences Babor 2006

Areas where industry interests interact with alcohol science Industry sponsorship of research funding organizations Direct financing of university-based scientists and centers Research conducted through contract research organizations Research conducted by trade organizations and SAOs Efforts to influence public perceptions of research, research findings and alcohol policies Publication of scientific documents and support of scientific journals Sponsorship of scientific conferences and presentations at scientific conferences Involvement with alcohol science journal editors Babor 2006

Contents: 1.Who is the alcohol industry? 2.How does the alcohol industry represent itself? 3.What do social aspect organizations of the alcohol industry stand for? 4.Two examples 5.Two cases 6.Some questions

Some questions: 1.Does involvement of journal editors with the alcohol industry matter? 2.If so, should we do something about it? 3.Should there be conflict of interest statements by journal editors and editorial boards on journal websites and in the journals’ front pages?