ANALYTIC TRIGONOMETRY CHAPTER 5 ANALYTIC TRIGONOMETRY

5.1 Verifying Trigonometric Identities Objectives Use the fundamental trigonometric identities to verify identities.

Fundamental Identities Reciprocal identities csc x = 1/sin x sec x = 1/cos x cot x = 1/tan x Quotient identities tan x = (sin x)/(cos x) cot x = (cos x)/(sin x) Pythagorean identities

Fundamental Identities (continued) Even-Odd Identities Values and relationships come from examining the unit circle sin(-x)= - sin x cos(-x) = cos x tan(-x)= - tan x cot(-x) = - cot x sec(-x)= sec x csc(-x) = - csc x

Given those fundamental identities, you PROVE other identities Strategies: 1) switch into sin x & cos x, 2) use factoring, 3) switch functions of negative values to functions of positive values, 4) work with just one side of the equation to change it to look like the other side, and 5) work with both sides to change them to both equal the same thing. Different identities require different strategies! Be prepared to use a variety of techniques.

Verify: Manipulate right to look like left. Expand the binomial and express in terms of sin & cos

5.2 Sum & Difference Formulas Objectives Use the formula for the cosine of the difference of 2 angles Use sum & difference formulas for cosines & sines Use sum & difference formulas for tangents

cos(A-B) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB cos(A+B) = cosAcosB - sinAsinB Use difference formula to find cos(165 degrees)

sin(A+B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB sin(A-B) = sinAcosB - cosAsinB

5.3 Double-Angle, Power-Reducing, & Half-Angle Formulas Objectives Use the double-angle formulas Use the power-reducing formulas Use the half-angle formulas

Double Angle Formulas (developed from sum formulas)

You use these identities to find exact values of trig functions of “non-special” angles and to verify other identities.

Double-angle formula for cosine can be expressed in other ways

We can now develop the Power-Reducing Formulas.

These formulas will prove very useful in Calculus. What about for now? We now have MORE formulas to use, in addition to the fundamental identities, when we are verifying additional identities.

Half-angle identities are an extension of the double-angle ones.

Half-angle identities for tangent

5.4 Product-to-Sum & Sum-to-Product Formulas Objectives Use the product-to-sum formulas Use the sum-to-product formulas

Product to Sum Formulas

Sum-to-Product Formulas

5.5 Trigonometric Equations Objectives Find all solutions of a trig equation Solve equations with multiple angles Solve trig equations quadratic in form Use factoring to separate different functions in trig equations Use identities to solve trig equations Use a calculator to solve trig equations

What is SOLVING a trig equation? It means finding the values of x that will make the equation true. (Just as we did with algebraic equations!) Until now, we have worked with identities, equations that are true for ALL values of x. Now we’ll be solving equations that are true only for specific values of x.

Is this different that solving algebraic equations? Not really, but sometimes we utilize trig identities to facilitate solving the equation. Steps are similar: Get function in terms of one trig function, isolate that function, then determine what values of x would have that specific value of the trig function. You may also have to factor, simplify, etc, just as if it were an algebraic equation.

Solve: