Access to Educational Information through Digital Technology Education and Social Media Laura Gates

Social Media and Human Interaction  Social Media has changed how we learn and communicate with others.  In 2011, Pew found that 65% of adult internet users used social media and social networking.  Older users such as Seniors also were found to be using social media more than ever before.  In 2013, Pew found that 83% of internet users under the age of 50, accessed social media on a regular basis.  Social Media has changed how we learn and communicate with others.  In 2011, Pew found that 65% of adult internet users used social media and social networking.  Older users such as Seniors also were found to be using social media more than ever before.  In 2013, Pew found that 83% of internet users under the age of 50, accessed social media on a regular basis. Pew’s 2013 Social Media Demographic Breakdown

Social Media and Education  YouTube, Hulu, and Vimeo have become popular social media sites that focus in sharing video and media.  Video sharing sites, specifically YouTube, have the potential to become the Wikipedia of Video Sharing.  Video Lectures  Educational Information  Open Sourcing  MOOCs (Massive Open Online Course)  YouTube, Hulu, and Vimeo have become popular social media sites that focus in sharing video and media.  Video sharing sites, specifically YouTube, have the potential to become the Wikipedia of Video Sharing.  Video Lectures  Educational Information  Open Sourcing  MOOCs (Massive Open Online Course)

Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998  In 2006, Google purchased YouTube for $1.65 Billion.  In 2007, YouTube faced a copyright infringement suit with Viacom.  Suit tested the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 (DMCA).  In 2006, Google purchased YouTube for $1.65 Billion.  In 2007, YouTube faced a copyright infringement suit with Viacom.  Suit tested the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 (DMCA).

YouTube and DMCA  YouTube argued that it was well within DMCA’s Safe Harbor protections.  Under DMCA, as long as a website that hosted User-Generated Content was able to filter and remove infringed content, they cannot be sued because of the Safe Harbor exemptions of DMCA.  YouTube was not liable for User-Generated Content that was found to be in copyright violation.  YouTube was working with Google to create a filter to remove infringing content.  YouTube argued that it was well within DMCA’s Safe Harbor protections.  Under DMCA, as long as a website that hosted User-Generated Content was able to filter and remove infringed content, they cannot be sued because of the Safe Harbor exemptions of DMCA.  YouTube was not liable for User-Generated Content that was found to be in copyright violation.  YouTube was working with Google to create a filter to remove infringing content.

Viacom vs. YouTube Results  In 2010, YouTube was found to be well within DMCA regulations and won the suit against Viacom  In April 2013, YouTube’s original verdict was held when Viacom sought the case again in Federal Appeals Court.  In 2010, YouTube was found to be well within DMCA regulations and won the suit against Viacom  In April 2013, YouTube’s original verdict was held when Viacom sought the case again in Federal Appeals Court.

Repercussions on Education  Without YouTube’s victory, we would not see a variety User-Generated Content on YouTube.  If Viacom won:  Textbook companies could have followed in Viacom’s footsteps  Professors could file for suit for violations of intellectual property.  Recorded lectures published by students, faculty, or the university could be taken down.  Less online educational options  Without YouTube’s victory, we would not see a variety User-Generated Content on YouTube.  If Viacom won:  Textbook companies could have followed in Viacom’s footsteps  Professors could file for suit for violations of intellectual property.  Recorded lectures published by students, faculty, or the university could be taken down.  Less online educational options University of Maryland’s YouTube Channel

Public Schools and YouTube  Public School Teachers want to use YouTube  Many schools currently block access to all social media due to the Children’s Internet Protection Law of 2000 (CIPA)  Teachers find a way to work around the current system  Public School Teachers want to use YouTube  Many schools currently block access to all social media due to the Children’s Internet Protection Law of 2000 (CIPA)  Teachers find a way to work around the current system  “I’ve tried opening the window and loading the video on a laptop, or bringing a video in on my phone — or just asking the kids in my class, because there’s always some proxy hack site that a student will know how to use” (Strom, 2012)

YouTube and Public Schools  YouTubeEDU allows access to educational information that is safe for classroom use  Comments are removed  Resources are vetted  Teacher Reviewed  Currently being piloted in Chicago Public Schools  YouTubeEDU allows access to educational information that is safe for classroom use  Comments are removed  Resources are vetted  Teacher Reviewed  Currently being piloted in Chicago Public Schools

School Systems say “NO” to YouTubeEDU  School Systems are worried about loosing federal funding for telecommunications and technology if they allow a “clean” version of YouTube past their internet Filters  Adhering to CIPA directly correlates with federal funding  Even though school systems are hesitant about accepting YouTubeEDU teachers and administrators are still hopeful for a change  School Systems are worried about loosing federal funding for telecommunications and technology if they allow a “clean” version of YouTube past their internet Filters  Adhering to CIPA directly correlates with federal funding  Even though school systems are hesitant about accepting YouTubeEDU teachers and administrators are still hopeful for a change

YouTube and Higher Education  University channels active on YouTube since  Some education videos have hit over a million hits, some before their university channel was formed.  Content can be difficult to find  Difficult to search by professor or class  University channels active on YouTube since  Some education videos have hit over a million hits, some before their university channel was formed.  Content can be difficult to find  Difficult to search by professor or class

YouTube and Higher Education  Pearson Education Inc. and Babson Survey Research Group, examined University Faculty’ awareness and use of Social Media in 2011  90% of the faculty polled considered themselves very familiar with social media.  YouTube and Facebook were the top two sites used  over 40% of all social media accessed in a professional (classroom) setting was YouTube. Teaching, Learning, and Sharing: How Today's Higher Education Faculty Use Social Media (2011)

YouTube and Higher Education  Online courses had a higher rate of social media use than in-person classes  YouTube is viewed as a popular resource tool free of budget constraints.  Many organizations have YouTube Channels  American Red Cross  CDC  FEMA Teaching, Learning, and Sharing: How Today's Higher Education Faculty Use Social Media (2011)

YouTube and Medical Education  Medical Education has embraced YouTube.  Students can gain knowledge of new technologies  Exposure to specialties  Collaboration activities in the classroom  Exploration of new techniques  Professional Development  Roll-playing  Medical Education has embraced YouTube.  Students can gain knowledge of new technologies  Exposure to specialties  Collaboration activities in the classroom  Exploration of new techniques  Professional Development  Roll-playing

YouTube and Medical Education  Medical Schools and Academic Journals often have their own YouTube Channels  Students can watch actual procedures  Students can discuss new technologies and techniques  Practice skills without seeing a patient  Medical Schools and Academic Journals often have their own YouTube Channels  Students can watch actual procedures  Students can discuss new technologies and techniques  Practice skills without seeing a patient

Research and Findings  62 people surveyed  33 males  29 females  Ages  Participant statistics aligned with Pew’s 2010 and 2013 published surveys on social media  Majority of participants were aged years  Most held masters degrees  62 people surveyed  33 males  29 females  Ages  Participant statistics aligned with Pew’s 2010 and 2013 published surveys on social media  Majority of participants were aged years  Most held masters degrees

Research and Findings  78% of participants used either YouTube or Khan Academy  68% of participants had viewed a video with an anonymous affiliation  92% of participants agreed that academic and professional videos should be trusted as a reliable educational resource

Research and Findings  47% searched for science topics most frequently  23% searched for humanities  23% for Math, Art and Music, and Other  2% did not watch academic videos  47% searched for science topics most frequently  23% searched for humanities  23% for Math, Art and Music, and Other  2% did not watch academic videos

Accessibility: Participant Feedback  “Some sort of online compendium on different topics that is well sorted with good authors.”  “Google Scholar but for videos, where video sources are vetted for legitimacy”  “An option in advanced search for academic videos or videos submitted by academic institutions”  “Some sort of online compendium on different topics that is well sorted with good authors.”  “Google Scholar but for videos, where video sources are vetted for legitimacy”  “An option in advanced search for academic videos or videos submitted by academic institutions”

Conclusions  Educational information and digital technology is being accepted in social media communities.  Higher Education and Medical Education have accepted YouTube into the classroom.  Students are exposed to new technologies, discussion topics, and collaborative opportunities.  Teachers accept the use of social media and do incorporate it into their classrooms.  Public schools want to use social media but face many legal and policy restrictions at the federal and state levels.  Educational information and digital technology is being accepted in social media communities.  Higher Education and Medical Education have accepted YouTube into the classroom.  Students are exposed to new technologies, discussion topics, and collaborative opportunities.  Teachers accept the use of social media and do incorporate it into their classrooms.  Public schools want to use social media but face many legal and policy restrictions at the federal and state levels.

Extensions and Future Research  Larger sampling sizes and more detailed survey questions  Google continue to improve YouTube’s educational access for schools  Social media tools developed specifically for schools  “connected learning”  Larger sampling sizes and more detailed survey questions  Google continue to improve YouTube’s educational access for schools  Social media tools developed specifically for schools  “connected learning”