The French & Indian War The First World War

Several Major Issues France establishes trading posts along the Canadian borderlands as early as France establishes trading posts along the Canadian borderlands as early as England and France are in constant competition with each other for an Empire. England and France are in constant competition with each other for an Empire. English colonies and French fur trappers establish relationships with Indian tribes. English colonies and French fur trappers establish relationships with Indian tribes. European wars create greater hostility between England and France. European wars create greater hostility between England and France.

Colonial Concerns French fur trappers arming Indians along the Ohio River valley. French fur trappers arming Indians along the Ohio River valley. Colonial-French competition for land in the upper Ohio Valley. (Very lush farmland) Colonial-French competition for land in the upper Ohio Valley. (Very lush farmland) French fortifications along the western frontier. French fortifications along the western frontier.

French Forts and Outposts

1754: Washington blunders into a world war Virginia land speculators secure rights to 500,000 acres of land in the Ohio Valley Virginia land speculators secure rights to 500,000 acres of land in the Ohio Valley This is the same land in which the French are building Forts along the Ohio River. This is the same land in which the French are building Forts along the Ohio River. 21 year-old Lt. George Washington is sent to Ohio Valley with 150 militiamen to secure the land claims. 21 year-old Lt. George Washington is sent to Ohio Valley with 150 militiamen to secure the land claims. Washington and his militia encounter French troops in the forest, engage them, and kill their commander. Washington and his militia encounter French troops in the forest, engage them, and kill their commander. Washington is trapped by French reinforcements, surrenders, and is allowed to return to Virginia. Washington is trapped by French reinforcements, surrenders, and is allowed to return to Virginia. The French and Indian War is on. The French and Indian War is on. Lt. George Washington

Indians choose sides English call a colonial meeting in Albany, NY. English call a colonial meeting in Albany, NY. 7 of the 13 colonies send representatives. 7 of the 13 colonies send representatives. Colonies pledge support to the English. Colonies pledge support to the English. Iroquois nation convinced to side with the English. Iroquois nation convinced to side with the English. First instance of colonial unity in a major war. First instance of colonial unity in a major war. Huron and several other Great Lakes tribes side with the French. Huron and several other Great Lakes tribes side with the French. Huron see the French as being merely interested in trading posts, not colonization. Huron see the French as being merely interested in trading posts, not colonization. Huron and Iroquois are traditional enemies. Huron and Iroquois are traditional enemies. EnglandFrance

General Braddock’s Defeat Commander of North American British Army Commander of North American British Army Refused to fight guerilla style warfare. Refused to fight guerilla style warfare. Attacked while marching on Fort Duquesne. Attacked while marching on Fort Duquesne. French & Indian forces defeat and kill Braddock. French & Indian forces defeat and kill Braddock. Western lands left open to attack by Huron. Western lands left open to attack by Huron. Colonials rise to the occasion in defense of their homes. Colonials rise to the occasion in defense of their homes.

Quebec & Montreal Fall British claim two major victories in the capture of Quebec and Montreal British claim two major victories in the capture of Quebec and Montreal French are defeated and forced to seek terms of a peace settlement in the Americas French are defeated and forced to seek terms of a peace settlement in the Americas Treaty of Paris (1763) gives England complete control over most of North America and all former French territory. Treaty of Paris (1763) gives England complete control over most of North America and all former French territory. France gives Spain Louisiana and New Orleans as compensation for Spanish losses. France gives Spain Louisiana and New Orleans as compensation for Spanish losses. French are no longer power players in North America. French are no longer power players in North America.

England Adds to its colonies Area in red is territory acquired by England from France 1763

Colonial Gains Colonists gain considerable confidence. Colonists gain considerable confidence. Colonial unity during war gives colonists a greater sense of a singular identity. Colonial unity during war gives colonists a greater sense of a singular identity. British ineptitude and poor treatment of colonial militia deepens dislike of British. British ineptitude and poor treatment of colonial militia deepens dislike of British. Colonials gain confidence militarily because they fight side by side with English and hold their own. Colonials gain confidence militarily because they fight side by side with English and hold their own. No more fear of French interference along frontier with Indians. No more fear of French interference along frontier with Indians.

Indian Losses Colonials no longer held in check by French. Colonials no longer held in check by French. Colonials free to further invade Indian territory. Colonials free to further invade Indian territory. Fracturing of inter-tribal relations and the weakening of tribal strength. Fracturing of inter-tribal relations and the weakening of tribal strength. The development of long-lasting animosity between tribes making it difficult to resist westward expansion. The development of long-lasting animosity between tribes making it difficult to resist westward expansion.

British Gains Two-fold increase in colonial land. Two-fold increase in colonial land. A truly world empire. A truly world empire. Massive Debt Massive Debt Colonial Egos Colonial Egos Increased responsibilities Increased responsibilities Greater, enraged enemies in Europe and the New World. Greater, enraged enemies in Europe and the New World.

Prelude to Revolution In Albany (1754), the English promised the Iroquois and other tribes to restrict colonial settlements. In Albany (1754), the English promised the Iroquois and other tribes to restrict colonial settlements. Colonists saw the defeat of the French as an invitation and opportunity to expand colonies further west. Colonists saw the defeat of the French as an invitation and opportunity to expand colonies further west. England quickly moves to restrict colonial settlement beyond the Appalachian Mts. England quickly moves to restrict colonial settlement beyond the Appalachian Mts. Indian-Colonial conflict would cost the English more money to defend colonies. (133 million pound debt) Indian-Colonial conflict would cost the English more money to defend colonies. (133 million pound debt) Proclamation of 1763 prohibits colonial settlement west. Proclamation of 1763 prohibits colonial settlement west. Seed of revolution is planted. Seed of revolution is planted.

New Era for Colonies Proclamation of 1763 established to restrict colonial settlement west. England ends period of salutary neglect and starts to become greatly involved in colonies over next 10 years, spurring problems. England now sees colonies as a greater source or revenue to aid in payment of English debt. Colonies won’t have any of it.

Three Elements Leading to War The development of a distinct, American identity. The development of a distinct, American identity. The development of and independent attitude. The development of and independent attitude. Increased British involvement. Increased British involvement.