Chapter 9, Lesson 4 Southeast Asia: History & Culture It Matters Because: The varied cultures of Southeast Asia have been shaped by outside influences and, in turn, have shaped other cultures.

I. Geography A. SE Asia made of two major geographic areas 1. Mainland of many peninsulas a. mountainous with rich, fertile valleys b. populated coasts 2. Large archipelago a. mountainous islands b. many active volcanoes, making soil fertile tsunamis c. earthquakes common, cause tsunamis tsunami d. tsunami - massive wave caused by underwater earthquake

II. Early Civilizations A. Early people grew rice, raised cattle & pigs, made metal goods animism B. Practiced animism, belief that everything, living & non-living, has a spirit 1. Practiced rituals to honor ancestors, animal & nature spirits C. Developed own textiles, music, theater D. In AD 100s, Hindus arrived from India & set up trade networks

III. Kingdoms & Empires Vietnam Indochinese peninsula A. Vietnam located on east coast of Indochinese peninsula 1. In early 900s, Viet people won independence from China Khmer B. Khmer civilization founded in present-day Cambodia 1. Became wealthy growing rice 2. Kings seen as gods Angkor Wat 3. Greatest building achievement was Angkor Wat a. temple, tomb, astronomical observatory

Thai C. Thai kingdom was center of learning & arts 1. Chinese merchants taught making of porcelain 2. Hinduism influenced politics, dance, literature 3. Important center of Buddhist learning, culture 4. Traded teak wood, salt, spices, animal hides III. Kingdoms & Empires