Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Introduction Advisor: Dr. Stephen Treado Wyalusing Valley Jr/Sr High School

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Project Background Building Footprint: 134,000sf Location: Wyalusing, PA Stories: 1 Floor Renovation Cost: $1.6 Million Construction: Nov June 2008 Owner: Wyalusing Valley School District Architect: Crabtree Rohrbaugh & Associates Engineering: Centerpoint Engineering Structural Engineer: Andrew Douma M/E Engineer: William Deloache Joshua Shervinski

AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Existing Conditions Oil-Fired Hot Water Boiler 10,000 MBH capacity 45,000 gallons of heating oil per year Small Cooling Load Not in use during summer months Large Lighting Load 62% of entire building load Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Water to Air Heat Exchangers 12 Air Handlers Cafeteria, 2 Gymnasiums, Library 48 Cabinet Unit Heaters Corridors and Lobbies 66 Unit Ventilators Classrooms 3 Rooftop Units Auditorium, Clerical, PC Lab Supplies spaces that require cooling 42 ton combined capacity Trane Trace Generated Values Wilkes Barre/ Scranton Airport SummerWinter DBWBDB Setpoint75°F65°F72°F Outdoor89°F72°F3.5°F ASHRAE Design Temperatures Hot Water Supply and Returns

Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Design Objectives WVSDs Goals To save $ spent on heating oil by using cheaper fuel Switch to a more sustainable fuel Include enough heating capacity for both high school and future adjacent elementary school with estimated heating and lighting loads 85% that of the high school Take advantage of state grants for financial assistance Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Thesis Goals Reduce electricity usage from grid Reduce lighting load Use efficient combined heat and power strategy to supply some of the demand Save more $ for owner Image from

Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Mechanical Renovation Currently Installed WVSD opted to install a green-chip biomass boiler 10,000 MBH capacity Heats hot water to 180 ° F New building for boiler and fuel storage Includes water closets and concession stands for sporting events 12,500 square feet Total Cost: $1.6 million $310 thousand paid for by Energy Harvest Grant Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Proposed Renovation Biomass steam boiler to supply steam for CHP 10,000MBH boiling capacity Grid-tie system to take advantage of net metering Reduced heating capacity 8,350 MBH from heat exchanger to building Increase building size to accommodate for new equipment 11% increase in floor area

Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Equipment Selection Size based on peak heating load 8,350 MBH Bell & Gossett GPX TM gasketed plate heat exchanger Turbine/Generator Sizing Using Dresser-Rand steam calculator 150kw output 1,000 MBH converted to electricity Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Biomass Steam Boiler Manufactured by Advanced Recycling Equipment 10,000 MBH capacity Heats steam to 150psia/370°F for turbine Minimal cooling load negates feasibility of installing cooling tower Heat ExchangerFlow RateTemp. inTemp. out Water Side550 GPM150°F180°F Steam Side8,350 PPH249°F226°F

Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Lighting Renovation Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Current Lighting Loads Vast majority of electricity is used for lighting Just over 900,000kWh used for lighting Current lamps used in the majority of the school are fluorescent T8’s Manufactured by Cooper 32 Watts to produce 2,850 Lumens Good efficacy of 89 After analyzing spaces, many rooms are over-lit Foot-candles calculated as high as 180 Classrooms require 50fc, possibly only 30fc Estimated Campus Energy Demand Replacement Lighting New LED technology includes T8 retrofits Chinese Manufacturer 16 Watts to produce 1,800 Lumens Better efficacy of 113 Determine which space can apply retrofit lamps 169 rooms can replace T8s, up to 3,445 lamps Total reduction of 362,000 kWh electricity per year in high school 40% decrease in total lighting demand

Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 LEED v3 Energy & Atmosphere Section Both renovations earn seven points by using an approved fuel (biomass) and generating at least 13% of its energy Neither systems address the poor energy performance of the high school, complete advanced commissioning Neither renovation addresses refrigeration management Global Warming Potential is 13% too high Steam generated power only earns CHP two points Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Point Summary EA Credit Opportunity Max Points Available Points Earned (Hot Water) Points Earned (Steam) % Earned Optimize Energy Performance 19000% On-site Renewable Energy % Enhanced Commissioning 2000% Enhanced Refrigerant Management 2000% Measurement and Verification 3000% Green Power2020%/100% Total357920%/26%

Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Payback Period LED T8 replacements are $69 per lamp when ordering 100 Each lamp saves $11.66 per year in electricity Pay for themselves in 5.5 years When all lamps are installed in high school, yearly savings of $40,200 per year Initial cost of renovation estimated using RS Means 2011 Construction Management breadth work Mechanical equipment installation costs Cost to increase building size by 11% Applicable grants to pay for over 50% of initial cost Pennsylvania Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard 1 REC for every 1,000 kWh generated using approved fuels/methods Earns 576 RECs for generated electricity and 269 RECs for heating RECs are sold via brokers at a fluctuating market price Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Installed Mechanical Equipment370,270 Building Size Increase56,700 First 100 LED Lamps6,900 Additional Initial Cost433,870 PA Alternative & Clean Energy213,285 Penelec Sust. Energy Fund25,000 Grant Savings238,285 Additional Upfront Building Cost195,585 Savings from 100 LEDs1,166 Savings from Electricity Generation53,366 Renewable Energy Credits4,030 Yearly Payback58,562 Estimated Payback Timeframe3 years 4 months

Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Final Recommendations Proposal Evaluation LED retrofit lamps are cost effective and eliminates a large portion of electricity load Generating electricity using biomass fuel in CHP application is cheaper than grid and has shorter payback than standard biomass boiler Site energy usage discussed, source energy reduction even greater Estimated source energy used by campus: 6,693,428 kWh After CHP and LED reductions: 4,109,262kWh Almost 40% less source energy used for campus Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations Energy Savings

Joshua Shervinski AE Thesis | Mechanical Option Spring 2011 Appreciation Where Credit Is Due Special thanks to Mom and Dad You’ve supported, encouraged, and pushed me to be my best All of my friends For all the love and the best of times All of the Professionals who took the time to help me For all the valuable advice and patience with my learning God for always being there Even with all of my imperfections Project Background Existing Conditions Design Objectives Mechanical Renovation Equipment Selection Lighting Renovation LEED v3 Payback Period Final Recommendations