Review Imperialism- the seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country Difference between a kingdom and an empire Empire-an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority Kingdom-a country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen

Racism and Imperialism Social-Darwinism-Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest” applied to human societies Racism as a justification for Empire The Civilizing mission 1.Many spread education and built cities 2.Many went to abroad for gold and glory

British Imperialism in India

Where is India?

Quick facts about India Over 22 languages spoken in India Population today billion people India has large amounts of iron ore and coal Ability to grow lots of cash crops Three main religions: Hinduism, Sikhism, Islam

Religious divisions in India Largest Religion in India is Hinduism Only 10% of India’s population is Muslim However, India has the largest number of Muslims in world

British East India Company

Mughal Empire Muslim Empire who controlled from modern Afghanistan to southern India Ethnically Persian Rulers were mostly Muslim Ruled India

Collapse of Mughal Empire By 1707 Mughal Empire was collapsing Small states break off from Mughals Leaders of the small states are maharajahs (Princes) British and French trade companies wanted control of India Britain wins control when beat the French

British East India Company takes over After collapse of Moghuls British East India takes over control of India East India company signed treaties with princes, and left many in charge Raj-British rule in India

Live under British rule Indirect rule Segregated neighborhoods; exclusive clubs Wealthy Indians access to education Prejudiced, thought Indians incapable of governing selves

Changes for India British built cities,roads,ports, and railroads Railroad allowed British goods to go all over the country Indian goods easier transport to the sea

The British Crown Jewel Population of 300 million, new market for British goods World’s 7 th largest landmass, and great farming soil Indian plantations able to grow tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, and opium Opium part of the triangle trade between Britain, India, and China

India’s other values Britian now has guaranteed access to cash crops Cotton can be grown in India Jute can be grown in India British make Indians change from growing food to cash crops

Sepoys Sepoys Indian soldiers who served under British officers in the East India Company Soldiers were either Hindus, Muslims, or Sikhs

Sepoy Mutiny 1857 gossip spread amongst Sepoys (Indian soldiers for the British) the seals of their ammunition had to be bitten off they believed the British dipped the seals of their ammunition in beef and pork (Hindus can not eat beef/ Muslims can not eat pork)

The Sepoy Mutiny

Why do you believe the Sepoy Rebellion failed?

Results of the Mutiny Many princes remained loyal to the British Hindus and Muslims were unable to unite against the British British army arrives and takes control of the situation The British government takes control of the country. British ruler of India is the Viceroy

Results of Sepoy Mutiny British Queen Victoria Empress of India British ruled India for 2 centuries. Changes many aspects of Indian life. British provided a single system of law & gov’t, unifying India. introduced English as a unifying language.

What are some of the positive effects of colonization in India? What are some of the negative effects of colonization?