Yoga - Mind Body and EEG Mind over Matter Facilitated by: Neilly Buckalew MS, MSL, ND, MD NIH NIA Post-Doc Fellow PMR PGY-3

Pilot 1 (Buckalew et al, 2010, Pain Med): 16 older adults all with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) 8 self-report disabling, 8 nondisabling No pysch hx, psychotropic use, same neuropsych testing scores Structural MRI and Resting state fMRI Disabling group less white matter integrity of the splenium (posterior aspect) corpus callosum Disabled had activation of the right medial prefrontal cortex (rMPFC) at rest whereas the non-disabled demonstrated activation of the left lateral prefrontal cortex (lLPFCnear the SMA). Pilot 2 (Buckalew et al, 2013, PMR journal): 24 older adults (8 Dis pain, 8 Nondis pain, 8 Pain free) White matter hyperintensities greatest in disabled Mind over Matter: The case of Disabling vs. Nondisabling Chronic Back Pain

Pilot 3 (Presented International Pupil Colloquium, 2009) 16 older adults CLBP 8 self-report disabling, 8 nondisabling No pysch hx, psychotropic use, same neuropsych testing scores For the disabled under cognitive load, pupils statically significantly slower to dilate. Statistically negative correlation of pupillary response with rMPFC and positive with the lLPFC resting state intensities Reciprocal relationship indicated. Disabling chronic pain may be an objectively measurable state where allocation of neural resources contributes to disability

Imaging a motor activity activates all the same regions of the brain. Motor imagery used in sports and research supports visualization improves motor learning. Also used in stroke rehab (Davis et al, 2008, Brain Imaging and Behavior) Athletes demonstrated autobiographical negative emotions activated the MPFC while concomitantly suppressing premotor and motor regions of the LPFC. Conversely, cognitive behavioral intervention resulted in decreased MPFC and increased LPFC activation = restored premotor/motor region activation. Mind over Matter: Imagine it is possible

Yoga: What is it?

Yogic Philosophies and Yogic Means Hatha Yoga - Discipline of body and breath Bhakti Yoga - Discipline of emotions, Devotional Karmic Yoga - Discipline of Actions, Good deeds Raja or Jnana Yoga - Discipline of the mind Meditation all types Very root of all Yoga MIX and MATCH the above Kundalini Yoga Tantric Yoga Kriya Yoga Yoga Nidra Buddhism

Yoga: What is it? Yogic Philosophies and Yogic Means Hatha Yoga - Discipline of body and breath Bhakti Yoga - Discipline of emotions, Devotional Karmic Yoga - Discipline of Actions, Good deeds Raja or Jnana Yoga - Discipline of the mind Meditation all types Very root of all Yoga MIX and MATCH the above Kundalini Yoga Tantric Yoga Kriya Yoga Yoga Nidra Buddhism

Yoga: What is it? Yogic Philosophies and Yogic Means Hatha Yoga - Discipline of body and breath Bhakti Yoga - Discipline of emotions, Devotional Karmic Yoga - Discipline of Actions, Good deeds Raja or Jnana Yoga - Discipline of the mind Meditation all types Very root of all Yoga MIX and MATCH the above Kundalini Yoga Tantric Yoga Kriya Yoga Yoga Nidra Buddhism

Yoga: What is it Yoga Sutras of Patanjali - Eight Limbs of Yoga Quieting the fluctuations of the mind = overall good health 1.) Yamas: Universal morality (5 including Ahimsa) 2.) Niyama: Personal observances (purification i.e. Kriyas, discipline, and contentment) 3.) Asanas: Body postures 4.) Pranayama: Breathing exercises, and control of prana (life force) 5.) Pratyahara: Control and the senses, focusing the mind 6.) Dharan a: Concentration and cultivating inner perceptual awareness 7.) Dhyana: Meditation, Devotion, Contemplation 8.) Samadhi: Liberation, Higher consciousness

Yoga Key Historic Turn Decolonization leads to Yoga renaissance in Indian ( ) Mysore tradition starts in Mysore India Royal family patrons of revitalizing Yoga Krishnaraja westernizes and focuses on asanas British exercise and Indian wrestling and gymnastic traditions/texts Sritattvanidhi – the core text of modern body-centric Yoga Promote research Promote women Higher Krishnamacharya in 1924 to teach and promote Yoga His pupils migrate to the US to teach yoga

Means Body Postures (Asana) Hand/Body Postures (Mudra) Meditation Chanting/Mantra Karmani (Purification) Pranayama (Breath) Music Etc!

Viniyoga Gary Kraftsow - Viniyoga Student of Krishnamacharya Complete system Developmental Adaptive (meet the student where they are at) Breath-Centric Emphasizes relationship of breath to spine and movement Core strength and stability Cognitive elements Left right attention Memorization to time breathing Emphasizes interpersonal development adapting your own paradigm

Mobile EEG a Mind-Body Measure? Early stages of developing how to use mobile EEG as assessment tool for response to Yoga Demonstrated feasibility using mobile EEG during a complete yoga practice

Mobile EEG a Mind-Body Measure? Designed a calibration stage determine state of the brain prior to intervention and serves as template also to understand response to Yoga. Collected data on pranayama, asana, and meditative sessions as well as complete practices with all elements. Looking for brain state commonalities and relationship with subjective experiences. Demonstrated common brain states and association of the feeling of calm in preliminary data (meditative practice with mudra).