The American Civil War 1861-1865 SS8H6: The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign and March to the Sea, and Andersonville.

Homework for February 6, 2013 Writing Prompt Topic: In a paragraph or more, explain how did Abraham Lincoln’s presidential election of 1860 led to The American Civil War? Use facts learned in class to support your response.

Causes of the Civil War (Review) Economic Differences North= Industrial South= Agriculture/Farming States’ Rights North= Believed the federal government/Constitution are supreme throughout the nation. South= Believed in States’ Rights and believed that the federal government did not have the right to tell them what to do. Sectionalism North= Wanted tariffs on imported goods South= Did not want tariffs on imported goods, due to trade relationship with Great Britain Slavery North= Banned slavery South= Relied on slavery for the production of cash crops Election of 1860 & Secession North= Voted in Abraham Lincoln as the 16th U.S. President South= 11 states seceded from the Union as a result of Lincoln’s win

Civil War Map

Resources of the North and South North (Union) South (Confederate States of America) Had an advantage in the areas of economics and human resources: 85% of the nation’s factories and railroad lines Produced almost all of the firearms, cloth, iron, ships & boats, and shoes in the USA Banks 22+ million people Union army had 16,000+ trained soldiers Were at a disadvantage because: 15% of factories and railroads were in the South 9 million people + 3.5 million slaves The southern states did not have an army Relied on Northern banks for money and invested most their money in slavery Had an advantage in: Production of food (corn, rice, wheat, & livestock) and cotton Strong/smart military leaders, who resigned from the U.S. Army to lead the south.

(Confederate States of America) Military Strategies North (Union) South (Confederate States of America) Anaconda Plan: Created a blockade of U.S. ships and ironclads around the southern coastline and major rivers to prevent the southern states from exporting cotton and receiving supplies Sent troops to the south to fight King Cotton Diplomacy: Ask Great Britain & France to break the Union’s blockade. The south thought Great Britain & France would do it, so they would continue buying cotton and bring them supplies (Weapons, etc.). France and Great Britain decided not to help the Confederate States of America.

Anaconda Plan Map

Ironclads patrolled rivers in the South.

Political Cartoon Just like the Anaconda Snake, the Union’s military strategy was to constrict and strangle the life out of the Confederates. The Union troops would choke off any supplies and aid from getting to the South.

Significant Battles of the Civil War Graphic Organizer Name__________________ Date___________________ Period_________________ Battle Generals What Happened? Which Side Won Battle? Fort Sumter p. 255 Bull Run p. 255 Antietam p. 266 Gettysburg pp. 267-268 Chickamauga p. 268 Chattanooga pp. 268-269 Atlanta Campaign pp. 273-274 Sherman’s March to Sea pp. 274-275

Fort Sumter, South Carolina The Confederate soldiers fired the 1st shots of the Civil War at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. North (Union) South (Confederate States of America) Major Robert Anderson lead the Union soldiers President Lincoln sent these troops to South Carolina to secure Fort Sumter from the CSA and to deliver supplies. 33 hours later the Union troops surrendered…UNION defeated! General P.G.T. Beauregard led the Confederate soldiers The CSA troops were able to stop the supplies from reaching Fort Sumter, by firing on the Union troops. CONFEDERATE victory!

Leaders at the Battle of Fort Sumter General Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard (CSA) Major Robert Anderson (Union)

Battle of Bull Run: Manassas, Virginia 1st major battle between the Union vs. Confederates North (Union) South (Confederates States of America) Union troops entered the Confederate state of Virginia to attack. Confederate Army launched a counterattack and defeated the Union troops.

Leaders at the Battle of Bull Run General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson (Confederate) General Irvin McDowell (Union)

Battle of Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland September 17, 1862-This was the bloodiest 1-day battle of the Civil War. This battle lasted 12 hours with 23,000 soldiers either killed, wounded, & missing. Leaders Union Confederate States of America (CSA) Major George McClellan Union victory Robert E. Lee

Leaders at the Battle of Antietam General George McClellan (Union) General Robert E. Lee (CSA)

Political Cartoon The cartoon was featured in the January 3, 1863 Harper’s Weekly Magazine to show Americans how the Emancipation Proclamation freed African slaves in the South. In the center of the cartoon, former slaves are seen celebrating as a family their freedom. The scenes surrounding the center frame shows the history of slavery in American (i.e. slave auctions, whippings by overseers, Fugitive Slave posters, and plantation life).

Emancipation Proclamation On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. It stated that unless the Confederate States of America (CSA) surrendered by January 1, 1863, “all slaves in states or districts in rebellion against the USA will be thenceforth and forever free.”

Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Huge turning point of the war, because Robert E. Lee and his troop’s attempt to invade the north (Union) was destroyed. The Confederates retreated back to Virginia. From July 1-3, 1863, 51,000 soldiers were either killed or injured. Leaders Union Confederate States of America (CSA) Major George Meade Union victory Robert E. Lee

Leaders of the Battle of Gettysburg General George Meade (Union) General Robert E. Lee (CSA)

Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia On September 19-20, 1863, the Confederates were able to defeat the Union and pushed them back into Tennessee. Leaders Union Confederate States of America (CSA) General William Rosecrans General Braxton Bragg Confederate victory

Leaders of the Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia General William Rosecrans (Union) General Braxton Bragg (CSA)

Battle of Chattanooga: Chattanooga, Tennessee Continuation of the Battle of Chickamauga (GA) Union (North) Confederates (South) Union troops led by Generals Grant and Sherman counterattacked the Confederates at Lookout Mountain in Tennessee Union victory General Braxton Bragg chased the Union troops from Chickamauga and trapped them in Chattanooga, TN.

Leaders of the Battle of Chattooga General Ulysses S. Grant (Union) General Braxton Bragg (CSA) General William T. Sherman (Union)

Political Cartoon This cartoon shows was featured in the Harper’s Weekly Magazine on October 1, 1864, too. President Abraham Lincoln is drawn in this cartoon carrying the USA flag to encourage soldiers to continue fighting against the South and to encourage citizens of the USA to continue to believe that the Union will win the war. At this time, the President was campaigning for re-election in the Presidential election of 1864.

Political Cartoon This cartoon was featured in the October 1, 1864 Harper’s Weekly Magazine depicting how bad General Sherman and his troops destroyed Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta was the transportation hub for the Confederate Army to move soldiers and supplies by train.

Atlanta Campaign General William T. Sherman’s plan was to march through Georgia, take Atlanta, and leave a path of destruction to Savannah. Beginning on July 20, 1864, General Sherman burned and tore up the city of Atlanta for almost 40 days. By September 2, 1864 the Union troops had captured and destroyed Atlanta.

Atlanta Campaign

Atlanta Campaign

Atlanta Campaign

Sherman’s March to Sea Field Order No. 120 was issued by Sherman ordering Union troops to “live off the land”. They would gather food from fields and take livestock for food. Also, troops were supposed to collect food, horses, & mules. They were not allowed to enter homes of civilians to steal…Of course, the troops did not follow that rule.

Sherman’s March to Sea Sherman waged Total War on the South (destroy anything useful to the enemy). His troops destroyed railroad tracks, crops, burned homes and businesses. Sherman divided his troops into 2 groups and they advanced towards Savannah going different directions. After fighting many battles along the way, Sherman’s troops captured Savannah on December 21, 1864.

March to Sea Map

Andersonville The largest military prison of the Confederate army during the Civil War Located near Andersonville, Georgia 52,300 Union soldiers were detained there between February 1864 and April 1865 More than 13,200 died from disease, exposure, and lack of medicines. After the war, the commander of the camp, Captain Henry Wirz, was convicted and hanged for the maltreatment and death of Union POWs. He was the only Confederate official to be executed.

Andersonville