Coliform Bacteria in Water: A Measure of Water Quality

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Presentation transcript:

Coliform Bacteria in Water: A Measure of Water Quality Sarah Palmer Tri-Valley ROP STEP/ETEC, LLNL

Significance of Coliforms Coliform bacteria are a common and widely spread group of bacteria Eschierichia coli is a species found in the lower gastrointestinal tract of many vertebrates and is indicative of FECAL CONTAMINATION!

Why Test? E. coli itself is not dangerous to most healthy individuals at low concentration, BUT may indicate the presence of far more serious pathogens (and who wants poop in the water?) It is also relatively easy to test for Easy to kill the test cultures once they are grown

Testing for Drinking Water Safety In the following slide we have a 5 minute “mini-course” in bacteriology Make note of the procedures What are negative controls? What are positive controls?

How can we test for Coliform Contamination?

Testing for Coliform in the classroom Use of a Lactose Broth with pH indicator Straightforward, easy to use Some false positives Use of a commercially available Defined Substrate Media (From IDEXX Laboratories, Colilert™) More expensive Easy to use Few false positives

Use of Lactose Broth Lactose broth supports the growth of E. coli. Bromocresol purple turns from purple to yellow as the medium is acidified due to bacterial growth and metabolism

A Defined Substrate Indicator As coliforms grow in the defined substrate, they use ß-galactosidase to metabolize ONPG and change it from colorless to yellow.

A More Specific Indicator E. coli use ß-glucuronidase to metabolize MUG and create fluorescence. Since most non-coliforms do not have these enzymes, they are unable to grow and interfere.

Classroom Application Development of a yellow color indicates the presence of coliform bacteria Clear is negative for coliform types

Specificity Tubes that turn yellow AND fluoresce under a UV lamp are positive for the E.coli form of the coliform group. This indicates FECAL contamination.

E. coli has many sources: Reliable testing is an important tool

References IDEXX Laboratories (2003) Colilert™. http://www.idexx.com/Water/Products/colilert/science.cfm Gurpol Deol,M.Sc. (2003) Zone 7 Water Agency Del Valle Plant, personal communications