Recommended Books Arthur Beiser, “Schaum's Outline of Applied Physics,” Fourth Edition, 2004, McGraw-Hill, ISBN: University Physics with Modern Physics by Young and Freedman (13th edition)

Course Outline: Electrostatics: Coulumb's law, electric field and potential, capacitance, dielectrics. Electrodynamics: Magnetic field and force, sources of magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, inductance. Solid-state physics: Crystal lattices, unit cells, energy bands, allowed and forbidden states, conductors, semiconductors, insulators. Semiconductors: Composition, purity, n- and p-type materials, carrier properties and distribution.

Course Outline: (Contd.) Carrier action: Diffusion, drift, generation, recombination. Conductivity, mobility, p-n junction diode, diode curve, forward-biased diode, reverse- biased diode, bipolar junction transistor and its biasing, MOSFET and its biasing, Hall effect. Optics: Optical absorption, photo-luminescence, photoconductivity, photoelectric effect, lasers, superconductivity. Heat and Thermodynamics in relation to cooling of electronics.

Branches of Physics The major branches of physics are as follows: Acoustics studies the production and properties of sound. * Astrophysics Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature and chemical composition) of astronomical objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. * Atomic and molecular physics The study of the structure and characteristics of atoms and molecules, examines the structure, properties, and behavior of the atom.

* Biophysics The science of the application of the laws of physics to life processes. * Condensed-matter (solid-state) physics The study of the physical properties of solids, such as electrical, dielectric, elastic, and thermal properties, and their understanding in terms of fundamental physical laws. * Cosmology The study of the universe as a whole, of the contents, structure, and evolution of the universe from the beginning of time to the future.

Health physics involves the protection of people work with are near radiation. Mechanics the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference. Molecular physics examines the structure, properties, and behavior of molecules. Nuclear physics is concerned with the structure and properties of the atomic nucleus, and with nuclear reactions and their applications.

Optics is the study of the nature and behavior of light. Statistical Mechanics The discipline that attempts to relate the properties of macroscopic systems to their atomic and molecular constituents. Theoretical physics Theoretical physics attempts to understand the world by making a model of reality, used for rationalizing, explaining, and predicting physical phenomena through a “physical theory”

Coulomb's law describes the force between two charged particles. Here, F is the force between the particles, q a and q b are the charges of particles a and b. The separation between the particles is r, and k is a constant, 8.99x10 9 (Nm 2 /C 2 ). The force is attractive, when F is negative, hence when the charges have opposite sign. Opposites attract - like charges repel. Of course, remember that force is a vector, which in this case points parallel to r. If a charge a is in the presence of several charges, the force that a feels is the sum of the forces from the remaining charges. For instance if there are three charges, a, b, and c, the net force felt by a is: where r ab is the separation between a and b. Coulomb's Law:

Definition of a Coulomb Charge is measured in coulombs, a rather bizarre unit of charge. One proton has a charge of 1.602x C. The choice of the unit of charge will appear slightly more convenient when we study magnetism later in the course. The charge on electrons and protons, which are equal and opposite, are noted as e: e = 1.602x Coulombs

Analogy between electric and gravitational forces The electric(Coulomb's Law) and gravitational forces have similar forms: Note that gravitational forces are always attractive (F is always negative), while the electric force is attractive for opposite and repulsive for like charges. Also notice that the electric force is MUCH stronger

Electric Potential Energy Just like in the gravitational case, the potential falls proportional to r -1. The form of the potential energy U looks the same as the that for the force F except for the power of r. Again, note that the potential energy is positive when the two charges have the same sign and negative otherwise. Note that the potential energy of a set of charges, q a,q b,...q z is the sum of the potential energies of the pairs. For instance, if there are 3 charges, q a,q b,q c, the net potential energy is:

Problems :