sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) Lesson Objectives Describe the symptoms of common STI’s and to understand how to protect against them To produce a presentation using information from the last two lessons about risks young people face. http://www.outsidechance.org/take_the_std_sti_awareness_quiz_/

Can you think of any STIs? Thrush Hepatitis Chlamydia HIV AIDS Herpes Gonorrhoea Genital Warts Syphilis

Infections passed from person to person through sexual contact What are STIs? Infections passed from person to person through sexual contact Some can be cured e.g. Chlamydia Some more serious diseases cannot e.g. AIDS There are over 25 different known STIs!

Protection against STIs Abstinence The only sure way not to catch an STI Use a condom during sexual activity Prevents the transmission of bodily fluid Only protects the skin it covers, sores/warts not covered can still spread through skin contact Have regular check ups at the local family planning or GUM (Genito urinary medicine) clinic Even if you do not think you have an infection – remember many infections do not appear to have symptoms!

STI statistics for England, Wales and Northern Ireland 1995-2003 Year Syphilis Gonorrhoea Chlamydia Herpes Warts 1995 136 10,186 30,794 15,645 55,608 1996 122 12,140 34,136 15,915 59,216 1997 151 12,656 40,583 15,766 63,554 1998 132 12,829 46,155 16,421 64,925 1999 215 15,974 53,783 16,581 66,439 2000 327 21,131 64,800 16,944 66,144 2001 736 22,997 71,967 17,876 68,019 2002 1232 25,065 82,558 18,432 69,569 2003 1580 24,157 89,431 17,932 70,665 Is this what real love looks like?

Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia – the facts Caused by Bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis Incidence The most commonly diagnosed STI in the UK Symptoms Women – vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, pain on passing urine Men – discharge from the penis, testicular inflammation, irritation of the penis Transmission Via vaginal, anal and oral sex Chlamydia trachomatis

Genital Herpes Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus Incidence Increased by 33% between 1997 – 2006 in the UK Symptoms Symptoms can occur 26 days after exposure and include itching/tingling in the genital or anal area small fluid-filled blisters and painful sores pain when passing urine a flu-like illness Transmission Skin to skin contact

Genital warts Causes Symptoms Warts are caused by a virus and are spread through skin-to-skin contact. They can be passed on during vaginal, anal or oral sex Symptoms You might notice small, fleshy growths, bumps anywhere in the genital or anal area. itch and cause inflammation

Gonorrhoea Caused by Bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae Incidence Increased by 46% between 1997 and 2006 in the UK Symptoms About half of all women infected with gonorrhoea, and over 90% of men experience symptoms Can affect the genitals, anus, rectum and throat with symptoms including a thin, watery discharge from the vagina or tip of the penis that can appear yellow or green, and pain when urinating Transmission Sexual intercourse

Thrush Caused by Fungus of the species Candida Incidence Increased by 46% between 1997 and 2006 Symptoms Women vaginal discharge and or itching pain, or discomfort, during sexual intercourse pain, or discomfort, during urination Men Discharge from and inflammation of the penis Pain while passing urine Small red spots on the tip of the penis

Pubic lice Pubic lice are tiny insects that live in the pubic hair region or under the arms. Pubic lice are usually acquired through sexual contact but can occasionally be transferred by close physical contact or by sharing sheets or towels. Special shampoo or lotion can treat the lice

STI Misconceptions If I only engage in oral sex, I can't contract a sexually transmitted infection The Truth STIs can be transmitted through oral sex, vaginal sex, anal sex If I have an STI, I will recognize the symptoms immediately The Truth In most women (and some men), there are often virtually NO symptoms of STIs. Not only can a partner not tell if a woman or man has an STI, the person with the STI often does not know. I am not promiscuous and neither are the people I hang out with…it's unlikely that the people I would sleep with would be carrying something The Truth Contracting STIs has nothing to do with cleanliness or grooming. Contracting an STI has everything to do with being intimate with someone who is already infected. The more partners you have or have had, the greater your chances of having an STI. The more partners your partner has or has had, the greater your partner's chances of having a STI.

The rest of the class must diagnose and offer test and treatment A role play example Patient 1: Comes to the doctor with discharge and pain when urinating Doctor: Well that sounds like you have a sexually transmitted infection. Are you sexually active? Patient 1: Yes and I did have sex without a condom Doctor: Well many sexually transmitted infections have similar symptoms – burning when urinating and discharge – so we’ll have to figure out what you might have… The rest of the class must diagnose and offer test and treatment

Role play example Patient 2: Comes to the doctor with itching and a rash Doctor: Well that sounds like you have a sexually transmitted infection. Are you sexually active? Patient 2: Yes and I did have sex without a condom Doctor: Well many sexually transmitted infections have similar symptoms – itching and a rash – so we’ll have to figure out what you might have…

Impact of STIs Working in pairs, ask students to think about the impact of STIs on the individual, the family and the community.

Quick Quiz Name 3 STIs Name 2 places you can be treated for STIs What is the most common STI in Britain? Name 3 ways to stop yourself getting an STI? Name 3 common symptoms of STIs Name 2 STIs that can have no symptoms

Match up the STI with the statements Causes a rash 5 out of 6 cases have no symptoms Also known as crabs May go away untreated after 6 months Most common STI in young men and women Has 2 types – one affecting the mouth and one affecting the genitals Chlamydia Genital Warts Herpes Gonorrhoea Syphilis Pubic Lice

Answers Chlamydia Genital Warts Herpes Gonorrhoea Syphilis Pubic Lice   Causes a rash (5) 5 out of 6 cases have no symptoms (4) Also known as crabs (6) May go away untreated after 6 months (2) Most common STI in young men and women (1) Has 2 types – one affecting the mouth and one affecting the genitals (3)

Your Presentation must include information on the following Your task To produce a presentation about the risks young people take. This presentation must include information on where young people can get advice. Your Presentation must include information on the following Drugs – risks, impact on the individual, family and community, treatments. Alcohol – risks, effects, where to go for help. Unsafe sex - risks, effects, where to go for help