Rocks and Minerals

What is a rock? A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals. All rocks are made of minerals. There are 3 types of rocks: –Sedimentary –Metamorphic –Igneous

What is a mineral? The same all the way through.

3 Types of Rocks Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous

Sedimentary –Made up of layers of material called sediment. (Like pages of a book) –Result of pressure. –Usually formed at the bottom of streams, rivers, lakes and ponds. –Examples are sandstone and shale.

Metamorphic These are rocks that have changed in some way due to movement in the earth. Happens through heat and pressure. “morph” means change. Marble-changed limestone

Igneous Made from fire and heat. Made from cooled magma or lava from volcanoes.

Rock Cycle Each type of rock changes over time and becomes a new rock through erosion, earth movement and extreme heat.

Erosion When rocks are broken apart into smaller pieces due to weathering.(water, wind, temperature)

Fossils The remains of ancient animals and plants. Has to be at least 10,000 years old. Most common fossils are bone, teeth, claws and footprints. 4 types: –Mold, cast, trace, true form

Properties and Characteristics Rocks and minerals can be classified based on different properties. Examples of these properties are: –Color –Luster- How shiny is it? –Texture- How does it feel? –Size –Weight –Hardness –Cleavage- How does it break apart?

Fluorescent Minerals Fluorescence- Property of producing light.

How are rocks and minerals used? Rocks and minerals are used in a variety of ways. Examples include: –Building materials –Machines –Food –Decorations –Jewelry