Cost effective hydrogen transport and emissions reduction Amanda Lyne Green Fleet Scotland 2015

“Hydrogen Miles TODAY” Direct replacement of hydrocarbon fuel with hydrogen Uses combustion technology (reduces technical risk and cost) No need to change duty cycle No range anxiety (diesel is always available when hydrogen is not) Wide range of vehicles possible NOW Light Commercial vehicles Mini buses HGV Agricultural vehicles

What is H2ICED™? Conversion of diesel engines to enables dual fuel operation incl.: Tanks, pipework, engine control and safety systems miles range on hydrogen depending on how much is stored on board The TRANSIT version gives 59g/km CO 2 with NOx EURO 5 or 6 (depending on the base vehicle) Post registration VSO

Ultra Low Emission results (59g/km) for TRANSIT light commercial vehicle Approx. 70% H 2 Approx. 95% H 2 Approx. 45% H 2

Full ULEV capability The TRANSIT Range Panel Vans, Luton and Flat bed Medium and long wheel base Rear wheel drive Mini Buses seat configurations Mobility options incl. wheel chair lift

Ultra Low Emission Zone Enabled

35% improved energy efficiency in real world journey Total day trip mileage of 85 miles in “ECO Mode” with average speed at 17.3 mph Actual data showed 46.2 miles/kg for Hydrogen alongside 103 mpg Diesel. Equivalent to 39mpg Diesel only trip was 25.4 mpg Total energy use = 4245 kJ/mi v Diesel only 6593 kJ/mi Gave 35% operational saving (attributed to speed limiter and more efficient use of energy)

“Supervisory Approach” for any diesel vehicle Determine options for amount of hydrogen on board storage Assess duty cycle; identify key emission reduction requirement; determine weight and space limitations Estimate on board hydrogen storage capacity Determine budget versus results requirement Design specific, safely engineered solution One off design for vehicle type One off engine calibration exercise Install “optimised for use” hydrogen system Full ECU controlled system or supervisory approach Supply VSO registered vehicle for use

Cost versus emission reduction All low carbon vehicles are “low volume” EVEN battery EV and hybrids! Which generally means higher capital cost Current fuel use does NOT pay for the environmental and health costs At best this is paid for through our national expenditure How will the Air Quality fines be allocated? Low carbon can mean operational saving Efficient fuel use Alternative fuel use Lower local emissions

Introducing future opportunities: Route to delivering better than Stage 6 NOx for any diesel vehicle City Driving Range

Hydrogen refuelling Infrastructure Access to hydrogen refuelling increasing over the next 18 months Either through on-site depot (back to base) investment for refuelling from renewables/delivered H2 “Mobile” refuelling National or UK infrastructure investments Existing 2015 Current or Planned HRS Limited access

Ambition for a national network by 2020 UK H 2 Mobility Phase 1 (65 stations) © UK H2Mobility Project

In summary Hydrogen combustion hybrids: Deliver SIGNFICANT carbon dioxide emission reduction Meets or exceed Air Quality emissions Proven technology (21 vans on the road in the UK) Diesel is always available if H2 is not Operational benefits Fuel use efficiency savings LEZ enabled Reduction of DPF issues in stop/start urban drive cycles No reduction of payload capacity needed