ESSENTIAL LAB 2: THE MANY FORMS OF ENERGY School District of Palm Beach County Science Capacity Development

Engage Bellringer Background Knowledge (I DO) Explore (WE DO) Explain Elaborate-Extensions Evaluate (YOU DO) AGENDA

LAB NORMS 1. Be responsible. 2. Follow ALL instructions carefully. 3. Please do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials in the laboratory area until you are instructed to do so. 4. Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory. 5. Dress properly during a laboratory activity : safety goggles, lab coats, long hair tied back, no sandals, no dangling jewelry.

BENCHMARKS SC.B AA The student identifies forms of energy and explains that they can be measured and compared. (Also assesses:) SC.A The student knows that radiation, light, and heat are forms of energy used to cook food, treat diseases, and provide energy. SC.B The student knows that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form to another. SC.B The student knows the various forms in which energy comes to Earth from the sun (e.g., visible light, infrared, and microwave). SC.B The student knows that energy conversions are never 100% efficient (i.e., some energy is transformed to heat and is unavailable for further useful work). I can identify different forms of energy and discuss how energy can be transformed from one form to another.

ENGAGE What do the following items have in common: a match, a windup toy, a flashlight, and a ball?

VOCABULARY SOLAR ENERGY GEOTHERMAL ENERGY MECHANICAL ENERGY CHEMICAL ENERGY ELECTRICAL ENERGY HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY NUCLEAR ENERGY ENERGY CONVERSIONS FCAT GLOSSARY WORDS: ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION CIRCUIT CONSERVATION OF ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY FOSSIL FUELS ENTROPY THERMAL ENERGY

BELLRINGER

I DO Energy is the ability to do work. Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the applied force. Kinetic energy is energy of motion and depends on mass and speed. All moving objects have kinetic energy. Potential energy is stored energy or the energy an object has due to its position. There are several forms of energy: mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic (all forms of the electromagnetic spectrum), nuclear, chemical, thermal, and sound.

All forms of energy can be measured and compared. Energy conversions are changes from one form of energy to another. (example: turn on a fan, electrical energy  mechanical energy) Due to friction, some energy is always converted into thermal energy during a conversion. As a result, energy conversions are never 100% efficient. Energy is conserved within a closed system because energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another. The loss of useful energy from a system to its surroundings causes the amount of disorder to increase. (ENTROPY) *For more information on energy and transformations, read Chapter 19, Sections 1, 3, and 4 in the green textbook.

EXPLORE On your labsheet, complete the hypothesis. Put the sandwich bag flat on the table and OBSERVE the materials. PREDICT and draw and label what you think the circuit will look like to cause the light bulb to light or the buzzer to sound. Open the bag and take out the materials. Build your circuit. Once it works, draw and label the circuit. Once your second drawing is complete, read and complete step 4. Conversions should be written as _______ to _______ or ______  _______.

EXPLAIN Draw and label the circuit that worked. 1 EXAMPLE: electricalelectromagnetic (visible light) where the conductor connects to the bulb Energy Transformations in the Circuit

EXPLAIN In your science notebook, answer the following question to demonstrate what you know about forms of energy and energy transformations. Question: A flashlight is a system that transforms energy into different forms. Starting with the chemical energy in the batteries, describe the energy conversions that occur in a flashlight to produce light and heat.

ELABORATE Select one or more scenes from a magazine that depict everyday life. Give each group of students a copy of a scene or project a scene on your LCD projector. Have students work in groups or individually to study the scene and identify examples of potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (energy of motion). You may further elaborate on these concepts by challenging students to identify energy transformations found in the scene(s).

EVALUATE Think about a candle on a birthday cake. What conversion of energy takes place after the candle is lit? A. the conversion from thermal energy into mechanical energy and electromagnetic energy B. the conversion of electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy and chemical energy C. the conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy and electromagnetic energy D. the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy and chemical energy

SCIENCE CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT TEAM Cristian Carranza, Science Manager Shari Bremekamp William Rizzo Crystal Clark Adrian Seepersaud Annmarie Dilbert Amie Souder Christel Leahy Heather Trapani Terrence Narinesingh Robera Walker Kirk Nieveen Paul Wojciechowsky Andrea Reilly