Classification of Living Things Biology Chapter 19 Taxonomy and Kingdoms 1

5 Kingdom System 1.Monera members are called bacteria (Eubacteria and Archaebacteria), decomposers, make yogurt, Nitrogen fixing 2.Protista - algae 3.Fungi – multicellular or unicellular 4.Plantae – primary producers in most ecosystems, multicellular autotrophs 5.Animalia – no cell walls, consumers in ecosystems, 2/3 of all animals are arthropods 2

6 Kingdom System Used by most Biologists to organize living things Most but not all Kingdoms have a body type that includes organs and tissues Kingdoms are the most inclusive grouping of living things Kingdoms have members that are unicellular or multicellular or Fungi has both 4 Kingdoms are Eukaryotes and 2 Kingdoms are Prokaryotes 3

Multi-cellular Organism Levels of Organization 1.Organells (chloroplasts, mitochondria, nucleus, etc) 2.Cells (muscle, nerve, brain) 3.Tissues (skin, nerve cord, etc) 4.Organs (brain, heart, etc) 5.Organ System (cardio vascular) 6.Organism (fish, dog, man, tree, etc) 4

2 Cell Types of all Cells 1.Prokaryotic – no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, very small cells (example: bacteria in Kingdom Monera) 2.Eukaryotic – has a nucleus and many organelles, large cells that make up all multicellular organisms (example: fungi, plants and animals) and Protists 5

2 types of Eukaryotic Cells 1.Plant Cells – autotrophic, eukaryotic cells, with cell walls 2.Animal Cells – heterotrophic, eukaryotic cells, with no cell walls 6

2 Groups of Kingdom Animalia 1.Invertebrate – no backbone, simpler animals, make up 90% of all animal species (shrimp, clam, worm, insects) 2.Vertebrate – have a backbone, large complex animals (fish amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) 7

7 Taxonomic Levels of Classification 1.Kingdom – most inclusive level (most members) 2.Phylum – next biggest grouping (arthropods, molluscs, vertebrates, etc) 3.Class – includes the groupings (Mammals, reptiles, birds) 4.Order – includes the groupings (horse, cow, dog, monkey etc) 5.Family – groupings like (homo – man) 6.Genus – small group of closely related organisms 7.Species – most specific level (Homo sapien) 8

5 Kingdom Table of the 4 Characteristics Kingdom P/E CW/No Auto/Hetero Multi/Uni Monera P CW Both Uni Protista E No CW Both Uni Fungi E CW Hetero Both Plantae E CW Auto Multi Animalia E No CW Hetero Multi 9