Sun and MPP Tracking In Solar Array Systems Using FLC Via FPGA بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم The Islamic University of Gaza Deanery of Graduate Studies Faculty of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department Sun and MPP Tracking In Solar Array Systems Using FLC Via FPGA By: Eng.Mohammed S. EL Moghany Advisor: Dr.Basil Hamed

Presentation Contents 1 - Introduction 2 - Solar energy 3 - Fuzzy Logic Controller 4 - FPGA 5 – Sun Tracker FLC Design 6 –MPP Tracker FLC Design 7 - Conclusion

I- Introduction Renewable energy : comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat, (replenished). Renewable energy sources play an important role in electric power generation. The fossil fuels (ex. gas, oil, coal) are limited and hand strong pollutants. The most important of renewable energy is solar energy.

I- Introduction The applications for solar energy are increased Solar energy: is directly converted into electrical energy by solar photovoltaic modules. The applications for solar energy are increased Need to improve the materials and methods used to harness this power source. Sun tracking and maximum power point (MPP) tracking. For that we need controllers.

FPGA card (Spartan-3AN, Xilinx Company, 2009) I- Introduction Increasing the efficiency of electrical power generated from photovoltaic module. Sun tracker FLC MPP tracker FLC “ Design and practical implementation of a tow Fuzzy Logic controllers (Sun tracker, and MPPT) one modern FPGA card (Spartan-3AN, Xilinx Company, 2009) to increasing the efficiency of electrical power generated from photovoltaic module.“ FPGA card (Spartan-3AN, Xilinx Company, 2009)

II- Solar Energy Photovoltaic (PV): Direct conversion of sunlight to electricity by using a semiconductor, Usually made of silicon . The word photovoltaic comes from the Greek meaning “light” (photo) and “electrical” (voltaic). Bell Laboratories produced the first solar cell in 1954, for space applications, efficiency =5 %.

II- Solar Energy Photovoltaic (PV): Direct conversion of sunlight to electricity Bell Laboratories produced the first solar cell in 1954, For space applications, efficiency =5 %.

9 2- Solar Energy + _ Ip Rsh Rs v i

Large crystal of silicon II- Solar Energy Types of Solar Panels Monocrystalline ζ =18% Large crystal of silicon Polycrystalline ζ =15% Small crystal of silicon Amorphous ζ =10% Molten silicon

2- Solar Energy Solar energy advantages: Need no fuel quick responding 14 2- Solar Energy Solar energy advantages: Need no fuel quick responding Non-polluting Easy maintenance Can be integrated with other renewable energy sources Simple & efficient

II- Solar Energy PV Applications:

II- Solar Energy PV Applications:

II- Solar Energy PV Applications:

II- Solar Energy PV Applications:

Conventional Controller I- Introduction Increasing the efficiency of electrical power generated from photovoltaic module. Sun tracker MPP tracker Experience System System Model Conventional Controller Fuzzy Controller

III- Fuzzy Logic Control The concept of Fuzzy Logic (FL) was conceived by Lotfi Zadeh, the father of Fuzzy 1960's . In 1974, Mamdani published the first paper for fuzzy applications. steam engine. In 1985, Takagi and Sugeno published another effective method for fuzzy control.

III- Fuzzy Logic Control Japanese 1980's 1994 35 billion dollar air conditioners Mitsubishi Cameras Canon Cars Honda & Nissan Washing machines Panasonic Elevator Toshiba USA other countries

The temperature x is warm III- Fuzzy Logic Control FUZZY SETS The temperature x is warm is 0.7 or 70%. crisp sets

III- Fuzzy Logic Control Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC"

III- Fuzzy Logic Control Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC"

III- Fuzzy Logic Control Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC" Mamdani: Rt IF x is At THEN y is Bt Sugeno: If x is A and y is B then z = f(x,y)

III- Fuzzy Logic Control Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC" There is no systematic procedure for choosing a good defuzzification strategy, but the selection of defuzzification procedure depends on the properties of the application[62].

I- Introduction Hardware Controllers implementation Fuzzy Controller Digital Based on hardware. digital logic gates Digital Based on software PLCs Microprocessor Microcontrollers ASIC FPGA 23

IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD ASIC

IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD ASIC

IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD Faster Less complex software But without the flexibility of the PLA CPLD FPGA ”85-95” ASIC

IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD CPLD = set of PLAs FPGA ”85-95” ASIC

IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD (not reprogramable) application-specific integrated circuit CPLD 100 million gates entire 32-bit processors ROM, RAM use Verilog or VHDL FPGA ”85-95” ASIC

IV- FPGAs 1970 And , Or, Nand , Nor … PLD SPLD PLA PAL CPLD Xilinx company introduced a new concept in 1985, it was to combine the user control and time to market of PLDs with the densities and cost benefits of gate arrays. Then the FPGA was found[68]. CPLD Xilinx combine the user control and time to market densities and cost benefits FPGA ”85-95” ASIC

IV- FPGAs FPGA Programming Xilinx offers WebPACK ISE11.1 software, Modelsim FPGA Programming steps

IV- FPGAs Spartan-3AN Starter Kit Board

V- Fuzzy Controllers Design Block diagram for the system

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Sun Path : the sunlight on the Earth’s surface is influenced by factors such as the variation of the temperature on the solar disc and the influence of the atmosphere The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) defines two standard

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Sun Tracking :

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. Controller design

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design O.S= 1.3% Ess= 0.005 deg, S.T=16 ms

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design

Initial Position=30 Ref= 0 V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design Initial Position=30 Ref= 0

Initial Position=10 Ref= -60 V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design Initial Position=10 Ref= -60

Initial Position=-10 Ref= 20 V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. FL Controller design Initial Position=-10 Ref= 20

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design S.T. Controller design

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Photo Sensor design :

5.1- Sun Tracker FLC Design 45 5.1- Sun Tracker FLC Design Photo Sensor Connection:

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design ADC

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design ADC PIC 16F877A Microcontroller For an 8-bit ADC, the final value will be (28 − 1), or 11111111B, or 255D

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Stepper motor driver

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Stepper motor & driver Control Signals Speed Enable Direction

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Stepper motor driver

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Stepper Motor Control Signals Photo Sensor Position Sensor

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Sun Tracker on FPGA:

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Sun Tracker on FPGA:

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Sun Tracker on FPGA:

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Sun Tracker on FPGA:

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Mechanical construction and components: :

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Video:

41 VI- MPPT FLC Design Power Characteristics : + _ Ip Rsh Rs v i

41 VI- MPPT FLC Design Power Characteristics :

41 VI- MPPT FLC Design Power Characteristics :

41 VI- MPPT FLC Design MPPT:

41 VI- MPPT FLC Design Power Characteristics :

VI- MPPT FLC Design MPPT:

VI- MPPT FLC Design MPPT:

VI- MPPT FLC Design GUI : KC200GT solar array datasheet

VI- MPPT FLC Design MPPT. FL Controller design

VI- MPPT FLC Design MPPT. FL Controller design

VI- MPPT FLC Design GUI : KC200GT solar array datasheet

VI- MPPT FLC Design MPPT. FL Controller design

VI- MPPT FLC Design Comparison between FLC and perturbation and observation controller Algorithm (M.Villalva, J.Gazoli, and E. Ruppert) 2009: when dp/dv > 0 , the voltage is increased, this is done through D(k ) = D(k − 1) + C. when dp/dv < 0, the voltage is decreased through D(k ) = D(k − 1) − C .

VI- MPPT FLC Design Comparison between FLC and perturbation and observation controller

VI- MPPT FLC Design Comparison between FLC and perturbation and observation controller (P & O) FLC

VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design Practical Implementation

VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design Generating VHDL FLC Code : Using Xfuzzy Program

VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design Practical Implementation

VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design Generating VHDL PWM Code :

VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design Generating VHDL PWM Code :

VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design Practical Implementation

VI- MPPT FLC Design MPPT_FLC Test

VI- MPPT FLC Design Practical DC_DC Converter

VI- MPPT FLC Design Practical DC_DC Converter

VI- MPPT FLC Design Practicar DC_DC Converter Test

VI- MPPT FLC Design Practicar DC_DC Converter and FLC

VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design FLC on FPGA LCD MPPT Diff LCD CLK Genrator MPPT FLC Cont Sig ST Diff LCD PWM ST_FLC

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Experimental Results:

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design Experimental Results: Efficiency ≈ 33%

6- Conclusion And Future Research Two different controllers (MPPT_FLC, and ST_FLC) have been constructed in FPGA card, which used to increase the power of the PV panel. These controllers have been tested using Matlab/Simulink . From the experimental results the proposed ST increase the efficiency by ≈ 33%. The response of the MPPT using FLC is better than the response of the MPPT using conventional controller applied on the same system in the previous study in 2009.

Thank you For listening