© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.1 c h a p t e r 9 9 THE INTERNET & THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.2 DESCRIBE FEATURES OF INFRASTRUCTURE & CONNECTIVITY STANDARDSDESCRIBE FEATURES OF INFRASTRUCTURE & CONNECTIVITY STANDARDS DESCRIBE INTERNET & ITS CAPABILITIESDESCRIBE INTERNET & ITS CAPABILITIES EVALUATE INTERNET BENEFITSEVALUATE INTERNET BENEFITS* LEARNING OBJECTIVES © 2002 by Prentice Hall

9.3 DESCRIBE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUPPORTING ELECTRONIC COMMERCEDESCRIBE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUPPORTING ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ANALYZE PROBLEMS OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) INFRASTRUCTUREANALYZE PROBLEMS OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) INFRASTRUCTURE* LEARNING OBJECTIVES © 2002 by Prentice Hall

9.4 MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURENEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE THE INTERNETTHE INTERNET THE WORLD WIDE WEBTHE WORLD WIDE WEB SUPPORT TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTRONIC COMMERCE & ELECTRONIC BUSINESSSUPPORT TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTRONIC COMMERCE & ELECTRONIC BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ISSUES & DECISIONSMANAGEMENT ISSUES & DECISIONS*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.5 MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES 1. BROADER PERSPECTIVE OF INFRASTUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 2. SELECTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IT INFRASTUCTURE (CONNECTIVITY) *

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.6 THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) INFRASTRUCTURE LINKS: Workstations, network computers, local area networks (LAN), server computersLINKS: Workstations, network computers, local area networks (LAN), server computers INFORMATION FLOWS FREELY THROUGHOUT ORGANIZATIONINFORMATION FLOWS FREELY THROUGHOUT ORGANIZATION MAY BE LINKED: Kiosks, point-of- sales (POS) terminals, information appliances, InternetMAY BE LINKED: Kiosks, point-of- sales (POS) terminals, information appliances, Internet*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.7 ENTERPRISE NETWORKING: Hardware, software, networks, data resources. Creates companywide network to speed processes, lower costsENTERPRISE NETWORKING: Hardware, software, networks, data resources. Creates companywide network to speed processes, lower costs INTERNETWORKING: Linking of separate networks in an outside of organizationINTERNETWORKING: Linking of separate networks in an outside of organization* THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) INFRASTRUCTURE

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.8 INTERNETWORKING LINK NETWORKS EACH RETAINS IDENTITY INTO INTERCONNECTED NETWORK * NETWORK A NETWORK B NETWORK C

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.9 CONNECTIVITY MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION MEASURE OF ABILITY OF COMPUTING DEVICES TO PASS & SHARE INFORMATION WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION OPEN SYSTEMS: Software able to function on different computer platforms. Nonproprietary operating systems, applications, protocols OPEN SYSTEMS: Software able to function on different computer platforms. Nonproprietary operating systems, applications, protocols*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.10 REFERENCE MODEL DEVELOPED BY DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE IN APPLICATION: Provides screen presentations 2. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP): Breaks data into datagrams 3. INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP): Breaks, sends datagrams as smaller IP packets; can repeat transmission to increase reliability * TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)

© 2002 by Prentice Hall NETWORK INTERFACE: Handles addressing and interface between computer & network 5. PHYSICAL NET: Defines electrical transmission characteristics for sending signal along networks to destination * TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP / IP)

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.12 OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT (OSI) INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE MODEL FOR LINKING DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS & NETWORKS *

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.13 THE INTERNET BEGAN AS GOVERNMENT CONNECTION OF UNIVERSITIES INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP): Organization connected to Internet, leases temporary connections to subscribers INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP): Organization connected to Internet, leases temporary connections to subscribers NO ONE OWNS IT, NO FORMAL ORGANIZATION *

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.14 INTERNET TERMS HOME PAGE: WWW screen display welcomes user to organization’s pageHOME PAGE: WWW screen display welcomes user to organization’s page WEBMASTER: Person in charge of Web siteWEBMASTER: Person in charge of Web site UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL): Address of specific Internet resourceUNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL): Address of specific Internet resource*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.15 EXAMPLES OF INTERNET CLIENT PLATFORMS PC: General purpose, performs many tasks, may be unreliable, complexPC: General purpose, performs many tasks, may be unreliable, complex NET PC: Minimal local storage & processing, uses software, services delivered by InternetNET PC: Minimal local storage & processing, uses software, services delivered by Internet PAGER: Handheld, provides limited , browsingPAGER: Handheld, provides limited , browsing*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.16 EXAMPLES OF INTERNET CLIENT PLATFORMS SMART PHONE: Handheld, has small screen, keyboard, , browsing, voiceSMART PHONE: Handheld, has small screen, keyboard, , browsing, voice GAME MACHINE: Modem, keyboard, Web accessGAME MACHINE: Modem, keyboard, Web access PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT (PDA): Handheld personal digital assistantPERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANT (PDA): Handheld personal digital assistant*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.17 EXAMPLES OF INTERNET CLIENT PLATFORMS MACHINE: Tablet, keyboard, text , requires service MACHINE: Tablet, keyboard, text , requires service SET TOP BOX: Provides Web surfing, , uses television set, wireless keyboardSET TOP BOX: Provides Web surfing, , uses television set, wireless keyboard*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.18 CLIENT/ SERVER ON THE INTERNET CLIENT: Runs Web browser, other software, connects to serverCLIENT: Runs Web browser, other software, connects to server SERVER: Has Web server (HTTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Domain Name Serving (DNS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Firewall (filters data to & from Internet), Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)SERVER: Has Web server (HTTP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Domain Name Serving (DNS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Firewall (filters data to & from Internet), Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.19 MAJOR INTERNET SERVICES E -MAIL: Person -to-person messaging; document sharingE -MAIL: Person -to-person messaging; document sharing USERNET NEWSGROUPS: Electronic bulletin boards for discussion groupsUSERNET NEWSGROUPS: Electronic bulletin boards for discussion groups LISTSERVs: list servers for discussion groupsLISTSERVs: list servers for discussion groups CHATTING: Interactive conversationsCHATTING: Interactive conversations TELNET: Log on one computer, work on anotherTELNET: Log on one computer, work on another FTP: Transfer files from computer to computerFTP: Transfer files from computer to computer GOPHERS: Use menus to locate text materialGOPHERS: Use menus to locate text material WORLD WIDE WEB: Text, audio, graphics, videoWORLD WIDE WEB: Text, audio, graphics, video*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.20 INTERNET ADDRESS PROTOCOL FOR THE WEB PROTOCOL FOR THE WEB HOST COMPUTER DIRECTORY EXTENSION DOMAIN NAME

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.21 INTERNET TERMS HYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (http): Communications standard used to transfer Web pagesHYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (http): Communications standard used to transfer Web pages HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML): Popular programming language for creating Web sitesHYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML): Popular programming language for creating Web sites*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.22 SEARCHING THE WEB FOR INFORMATION SEARCH ENGINE: Tool for locating specific sites or information on WWWSEARCH ENGINE: Tool for locating specific sites or information on WWW PORTAL: Point of entry to WWWPORTAL: Point of entry to WWW “PUSH” TECHNOLOGY: Server streams relevant content to browser“PUSH” TECHNOLOGY: Server streams relevant content to browser MULTICASTING: Sending data to select groupMULTICASTING: Sending data to select group*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.23 NEXT GENERATION INTERNET BROADBAND: Fiber optics and related technology will provide much higher delivery speed (target: 10 to 100 million bits per second to the desktop)BROADBAND: Fiber optics and related technology will provide much higher delivery speed (target: 10 to 100 million bits per second to the desktop) INTERNET2INTERNET2*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.24 NEXT GENERATION INTERNET INTERNET2: New protocols, higher transmission speed, interconnected gigapops (regional high-speed points-of-presence), connected to high-performance Backbone Network infrastructure. Will differentiate priorities of messages, provide video portals for lifelike videoINTERNET2: New protocols, higher transmission speed, interconnected gigapops (regional high-speed points-of-presence), connected to high-performance Backbone Network infrastructure. Will differentiate priorities of messages, provide video portals for lifelike video*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.25 THE WIRELESS WEB MOBILE COMMERCE (m-commerce)MOBILE COMMERCE (m-commerce) ACCESS TO WEB ON THE GO: Anywhere, any time, many functionsACCESS TO WEB ON THE GO: Anywhere, any time, many functions INFORMATION-BASED SERVICESINFORMATION-BASED SERVICES TRANSACTION-BASED SERVICESTRANSACTION-BASED SERVICES PERSONALIZED SERVICESPERSONALIZED SERVICES*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.26 INTRANET INTERNAL NETWORKINTERNAL NETWORK WWW TECHNOLOGYWWW TECHNOLOGY FIREWALL: Security System to Prevent Invasion of Private NetworksFIREWALL: Security System to Prevent Invasion of Private Networks OVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM DIFFERENCESOVERCOMES COMPUTER PLATFORM DIFFERENCES OFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTUREOFTEN INSTALLED ON EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.27 EXTRANET ALLOWS SELECT USERS OUTSIDE ORGANIZATION TO USE ITS INTRANET: CUSTOMERSCUSTOMERS BUSINESS PARTNERSBUSINESS PARTNERS VENDORSVENDORS*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.28 EXTRANET

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.29 INTERNET BENEFITS GLOBAL CONNECTIVITYGLOBAL CONNECTIVITY REDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COSTREDUCED COMMUNICATIONS COST LOWER TRANSACTION COSTSLOWER TRANSACTION COSTS REDUCED AGENCY COSTSREDUCED AGENCY COSTS INTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY, CUSTOMIZATIONINTERACTIVITY, FLEXIBILITY, CUSTOMIZATION ACCELERATED KNOWLEDGEACCELERATED KNOWLEDGE*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.30 E-COMMERCE SERVER SOFTWARE SET UP ELECTRONIC STOREFRONTSET UP ELECTRONIC STOREFRONT DESIGN ELECTRONIC SHOPPING CARTDESIGN ELECTRONIC SHOPPING CART MAKE SHIPPING ARRANGEMENTSMAKE SHIPPING ARRANGEMENTS LINK TO ELECTRONIC PAYMENTLINK TO ELECTRONIC PAYMENT DISPLAY PRODUCT AVAILABILITY & TRACK SHIPMENTSDISPLAY PRODUCT AVAILABILITY & TRACK SHIPMENTS CONNECT TO BACK-OFFICE SYSTEMSCONNECT TO BACK-OFFICE SYSTEMS REPORT TRANSACTIONREPORT TRANSACTION*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.31 CUSTOMER TRACKING TOOLS COLLECT & STORE DATA ON BEHAVIORCOLLECT & STORE DATA ON BEHAVIOR ANALYZE DATAANALYZE DATA IDENTIFY TRENDSIDENTIFY TRENDS CLICKSTREAM TRACKING: Collects detailed customer data, stores in logCLICKSTREAM TRACKING: Collects detailed customer data, stores in log COLLABORATIVE FILTERING: Combines data on similar customers, predicts future behaviorCOLLABORATIVE FILTERING: Combines data on similar customers, predicts future behavior*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.32 ADDITIONAL TOOLS WEB CONTENT MANAGEMENT: Assists Webmaster oversee large sitesWEB CONTENT MANAGEMENT: Assists Webmaster oversee large sites WEB SITE PERFORMANCE MONITORING: Detects, analyzes, helps correct problemsWEB SITE PERFORMANCE MONITORING: Detects, analyzes, helps correct problems WEB HOSTING SERVICE: Maintains large Web server for subscribersWEB HOSTING SERVICE: Maintains large Web server for subscribers*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.33 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS WITH IT INFRASTRUCTURE CONNECTIVITY & APPLICATION INTEGRATIONCONNECTIVITY & APPLICATION INTEGRATION LOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROLLOSS OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGEORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE HIDDEN COSTSHIDDEN COSTS NETWORK RELIABILITY, SECURITY, BANDWIDTHNETWORK RELIABILITY, SECURITY, BANDWIDTH*

© 2002 by Prentice Hall 9.34 c h a p t e r 9 9 THE INTERNET & THE NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE