Nanjing University, Spring, 2005 Introduction to Persuasive Speaking Part 3: Process; Outline; Monroe Sequence John E. Clayton Nanjing University, Spring, 2005

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Speech 1: Results

Syllabus 02/28 Orientation; Photos; Communication; Speaking types & purposes 03/07 Persuasion and reasoning; Peer Criticism 03/14 Speech 1 03/21 Writing process; Outline & components; Monroe Sequence 03/28 Movie: Remember the Titans 04/04 Overcoming fear 04/11 Speech 2 04/18 Review of speech 2; 04/25 Selecting topic & thesis 05/02 HOLIDAY – NO CLASS 05/09 Researching & supporting material 05/16 Speech 3 05/23 Review of speech 3; Speech delivery tips 05/30 Using visual aids 06/06 Clean-up – final review and preparation for speech 4 06/13 Speech 4 06/20 Speech contest prep; Final exam; Evening – speech contest

The Speech Writing Process See Handout: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence

Process Flow Topic Purpose Audience analysis Research Support materials Organization Outline Visual aids Practice Present

1. Select & Narrow Subject Pick a Subject appropriate to the occasion. Narrow the subject to a topic suitable: for a speech for the length of time for the type of audience that you have Remember that a speech is not an essay; it must be kept simple and concise in order to be effective.

2. Determine The Purpose to tell us facts about a situation; Decide exactly what you hope to accomplish: to tell us facts about a situation; to convince us of a particular point of view; to amuse us; to stimulate us to do something; etc. Your speech should support one basic objective, so you must decide what that objective is.

3. Analyze Audience & Occasion You must know: what kind of people you will be speaking to roughly how many there will be what sort of room you will be in the audience's intellectual ability & knowledge what other speakers of the day may be saying about the same subject. This will allow you to tailor your vocabulary, content, jokes, and tone of your speech to your specific audience. What works for one may not work for another.

4. Gather Material (Research) Material can be gathered from books, magazines, newspapers, other speeches, Internet, etc. Establish your basic objective, then look for supporting material. Simple facts may be boring -- use examples, situations, and concrete comparisons to "enliven" the speech and make facts "real".

Sample of Using Facts Boring fact: "skyscraper X is 290 meters tall." More interesting & relevant to audience: "skyscraper X is five times taller than Hotel Saint George." This puts a concrete comparison into peoples' minds -- much more effective than a simple, dry fact or statistic.

5. Make An Outline An outline will help: organize your speech, establish the main points, and balance the supporting material for each point.

6. Word the Speech Pay attention to the educational level and language competence of the audience in choosing your words. Consider words which might be "special" and need explanation to be clear. Try to avoid words which may have more than one meaning, unless you are using them for that purpose. Think about the ease of pronunciation of your words.

7. Prepare the Manuscript Type double-spaced, with a large, "readable" typeface. Leave generous margins for last-minute notes or corrections. Underline phrases that you want to stress. Do not fasten the pages together. Number each page.

8. Practice Aloud After your speech is written and ready, you must practice it aloud, to check -- the rhythm of your phrasing and sentences the pronunciation of words the length of the speech This will also help you to be more confident in your speech delivery, and lessen nervousness during the actual occasion.

9. Check the Room If possible, check the room before the speech. Note the size of the room and the acoustics. If there is a PA system, test it. Make sure you "fit" the podium. Can visual aids be seen from all parts of the room? Can you operate all necessary equipment?

10. Delivery Remember to speak loudly enough. Take care with enunciation, pronunciation and phrasing required for speaking in large rooms. Plan and practice any gestures you want to use to reinforce points.

11. Speaking Position Remember to position yourself properly at the rostrum, then pause for a moment longer before beginning your speech. After completing the speech, again pause briefly before acknowledging the "end" to the audience and stepping down from the rostrum.

The Monroe Sequence

The Monroe Sequence The "Monroe Motivated Sequence" is intended to motivate the audience to respond to the speaker's purpose. In its most complete form, the Motivated Sequence consists of five steps.

The Monroe Sequence Attention Gain the attention of the audience 2. Need Create a need for change 3. Satisfaction Satisfy the need with a solution 4. Visualization Intensify desire for solution 5. Action Urge the audience to take action

1. Attention Functions: To gain attention To secure good will and respect To state your thesis and prepare the audience for discussion of your topic Methods: Reference to a subject, event, or occasion Personal greeting Rhetorical question Startling statement/statistics Quotation Humorous anecdote Illustration

2. Need Functions To describe the problem To make your audience uncomfortable with the status quo Methods Statements (backed by evidence) Illustration Show ramifications

3. Satisfaction Functions To present a solution to the need described Methods Statements (backed by evidence) Explanation Theoretical demonstration Practical experience Meeting objections and potential counterarguments

4. Visualization Functions To intensify your audience's desire to adopt the solution and action you propose To help the audience "see" the results Methods Positive method ("see" what will happen on adoption) Negative method ("see" what will happen if not adopted) Contrast method ("see" adoption vs. non-adoption)

5. Action Functions To focus the thoughts of your audience To motivate your audience to ACT To leave the audience in a mood appropriate to your topic Methods Challenge; Summary; Quotation; Illustration; Personal Intention; Inducement

Speech Outline Summary Introduction (attention) Attention Getter Reveal Topic Relevancy Credibility Thesis & Preview Main point 1 - (need) Why is this important? Reason 1 Reason 2 Main point 2 - (satisfaction) This is how we solve it... Example 1 Example 2 Main point 3 - (visualization) "How great it would be if..." Sample vision 1 Sample vision 2 Conclusion - (action) "This is what we have to do..." Action 1 Action 2 Review Main points Clincher

Homework Start working on speech 2 3 minutes, using a Monroe outline Topic: Argumentative – Some Current Event (note – please avoid political or religious topics)