DESIGNING SMOKING CESSATION TECHNOLOGY A USER-CENTERED APPROACH Lars Lichon & Stephan Rasmussen

TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Approach Smoking cessation issues Participant sketches Design suggestion Evaluation Research contribution APPROACHSMOKING CESSATION ISSUES PARTICIPANT SKETCHES DESIGN SUGGESTION EVALUATIONRESEARCH CONTRIBUTION INTRODUCTION

 The issues of smoking  Smoking causes 25% of annual deaths in Denmark  The yearly cost of treatment is 7.5 billion DKK  Negative health impacts  Previous study  Literature review  92 papers and other literature  User-Centered Design Approach

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APPROACH INTRODUCTIONSMOKING CESSATION ISSUES PARTICIPANT SKETCHES DESIGN SUGGESTION EVALUATIONRESEARCH CONTRIBUTION

RECRUITMENT FOCUS GROUPS THEMATIC ANALYSIS DESIGN WORKSHOP

RECRUITMENT FOCUS GROUPS THEMATIC ANALYSIS DESIGN WORKSHOP

RECRUITMENT FOCUS GROUPS THEMATIC ANALYSIS DESIGN WORKSHOP

RECRUITMENT FOCUS GROUPS THEMATIC ANALYSIS DESIGN WORKSHOP

SMOKING CESSATION ISSUES INTRODUCTIONAPPROACHPARTICIPANT SKETCHES DESIGN SUGGESTION EVALUATIONRESEARCH CONTRIBUTION

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Quitting stages should be acknowledged.

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Becoming aware of immediate impacts, caused by once actions, can be motivational. “The economical aspect is something that you can feel right now.”

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION People’s smoking habits and attitudes to smoking are very different.

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Personalised content increases motivation. “... It just doesn’t have any effect when those black lungs come up on the screen, because we all think ‘Well that isn’t my lungs, so how can you say that?”

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Everyone is different and have different needs when it comes to quit smoking.

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Reminding and informing users can encourage them to engage and interact.

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Self-Monitoring can help people understand their own smoking habits to help them understand their addiction and to create strategies to cope with cravings.

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION “It should be something that captures your attention… I think that you need to be untraditional.”

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Meaningful Rewards were seen as a very big motivator, both in terms of motivating you to quit smoking, and also to keep you motivated whilst quitting.

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Social support might only work for some people and has the highest efficacy when conducted with strangers.

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION By making it a personal struggle, this motivates smokers to stay abstinent. “Because others cannot fight for you.”

QUITTING STAGE IMMEDIATE IMPACT SMOKING HABITS PERSONALISED ADJUSTABLE REMINDERS SELF-MONITORING NOVELTY MEANINGFUL REWARDS SOCIAL SUPPORT SOLO STRUGGLE COMPETITION Competition was perceived highly motivational and can be against one another or against yourself.

PARTICIPANT SKETCHES INTRODUCTIONAPPROACHSMOKING CESSATION ISSUES DESIGN SUGGESTION EVALUATIONRESEARCH CONTRIBUTION

DESIGN SUGGESTION INTRODUCTIONAPPROACHSMOKING CESSATION ISSUES PARTICIPANT SKETCHES EVALUATIONRESEARCH CONTRIBUTION

EVALUATION INTRODUCTIONAPPROACHSMOKING CESSATION ISSUES PARTICIPANT SKETCHES DESIGN SUGGESTION RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION

APPROACH 10 participants Interviews Focal point: Getting feedback of the concept Questions First-hand impression Positives and negatives Their perception of using a mobile app Missing elements

RESULTS Positively received by the participants Mobile platform Concept “Personalised” Highly motivational towards quitting Novelty content Eye-opener Beneficial and rewarding Supporting Not condescending and confronting Suggestions Divide health into two categories: General health benefit Exercise Adding tips Competition element Influences on others Reduction of smoking

RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION INTRODUCTIONAPPROACHSMOKING CESSATION ISSUES PARTICIPANT SKETCHES DESIGN SUGGESTION EVALUATION

RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION 12 issues worth considering when developing smoking cessation technology Addressed the issues of Novelty and Solo Struggle ‘Tailoring’ is a more finely grained concept with a multitude of facets With a User-Centered Approach, we were able to design a user-centered low-fidelity prototype

LET’S DISCUSS