Chapter 15 Post-Civil War Reconstruction Plans Key terms: 10% Plan; Presidential Reconstruction; Radical Republicans Reconstruction; Freedmen’s Bureau; Andrew Johnson

Setting the Scene  The post-war south lay in utter chaos:  Hundreds of thousands dead  Labor force gone  Economy in the tank  Property, land and countryside destroyed  Humiliated and defeated  Millions of newly freedmen without work, money or land  Increase in racial tensions and violence  President Lincoln was assassinated as the war ends, leaving a very large question mark in the box marked “ reconstruction ”  Enter Andrew Johnson  Southerner  Self-educated  Racist  King of the veto  The last Jacksonian  Democrat

The Plans  (1864) President Abraham Lincoln introduces the 10% Plan  Southern states could be readmitted if 10% of the voting population from the election of 1860 swore an oath of allegiance to the Union  Voters would draft a new state constitution and state government  Southerners except for high-ranking Confederate officers/government officials would receive a full pardon  (1864) Wade-Davis Bill is passed  Lincoln’s 10% Plan except now 50% of the voting population needed to swear an oath to the Union

The Plans  (1865) With Congress on break, president Johnson introduces his own plan— Presidential Reconstruction  “White men alone must manage the south”  Southern property is restored  Sherman Land is confiscated from freedmen  States must pledge an oath to the Union and an accept the 13 th amendment  Pardoned most southern elites and those involved in the war  Johnson’s policy is widely regarded as sympathetic to the south and very lenient  Several Confederate leaders regained their power and land  Several states instituted Black Codes to dominate/control freedmen

The Plans  (1866) With the republicans having a majority in both the House and Senate, they had enough power to pass/veto anything  Spearheaded by the radical republicans, Congress introduces its own reconstruction plan— Radical Reconstruction/Congressional Reconstruction  No former ex-Confederates could hold office  Promoted free labor  Divided the southern states into 5 different military districts, each governed by a Union general, each ruled by martial law  Union troops are used to keep the peace and watch over voter registration  Southern states needed to redraft their constitutions, accept the 14 th amendment, provide suffrage to blacks in order to be readmitted into the Union  By 1870 all states had been readmitted to the Union