Reported Speech or Indirect Speech

INDIRECT SPEECH/REPORTED SPEECH: “ I have no time for going to lunch.” WHAT`S WHAT ? Ben says, “ I have no time for going to lunch.”   reporting sentence direct sentence INDIRECT SPEECH/REPORTED SPEECH: Ben says that he has no time for going to lunch. main clause subordinate clause conjunction

EXAMPLES: conjunction subordinate clause main clause subordinate clause   Vinern asks me if I can go to have lunch with him. Father tells us that he has so much work to do. 3. Granny wants to know where we went on our holiday.  

When changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech, it is important to follow:   SENTENCE TYPE VERB IN MAIN CLAUSE CONJUNCTION   STATEMENTS SAY, SAYS, SAID B) TELL, TELLS, TOLD THAT   QUESTIONS  ASK, ASKS, ASKED IF   ORDERS REQUESTS PROHIBITIONS  TELL, TELLS, TOLD ASK, ASKS, ASKED TO + INFINITIVE NOT TO + INFINITIVE

Examples – Try changing the following DIRECT SPEECH into INDIRECT SPEECH: A. STATEMENTS 1. Peter says, “ I like English.” 2. She says to me, “ I`m a student.” 3. Bob says to us, “ I like your car.” 4. They say, “ We have lost the key.” 5. Ann says, “ I don`t like to cook.” 6. He says to us, “I will help you.” 7. Jack says, “ My friend is sick.” Peter says that he likes English. She tells me that she is a student. Bob tells us that he likes our car. They say that they have lost the key. Ann says that she doesn`t like to cook. He tells us that he will help us. Jack says that his friend is sick.

EXAMPLES... A. STATEMENTS 1. Peter said, “ I like English.” 2. She said to me, “ I`m a student.” 3. Bob said to us, “ I like your car.” 4. They said, “ We have lost the key.” 5. Ann said, “ I don`t like to cook.” 6. He said to us, “I will help you.” 7. Jack said, “ My friend is sick.” like am have lost don`t like will help is Peter said that he liked English. She told me that she was a student. Bob told us that he liked our car. They said that they had lost the key. Ann said that she didn`t like to cook. He told us that he would help us. Jack said that his friend was sick. liked was had lost didn`t like would help

NB! CHANGES ! With the main clause in the Past we must use the rules of SEQUENCE OF TENSES OR BACKSHIFT in Subordinate clause Present Simple Past Simple Past Simple Past Perfect Pres. Progressive Past Progressive Pres. Perfect Past Perfect Future Simple Future in the Past But only in statements & questions!!!

MORE CHANGES in pronouns in place and time I HE/SHE MY HIS/HER WE THEY OUR THEIR depends on persons having a talk in place and time here there now then today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day this week that week last week the week before a year ago the year before with the main clause in the Past

Additional verbs for reporting (communicative function) STATEMENTS QUESTIONS ORDERS & REQUESTS Next to say(s), said tell(s), told we can also use: admit remind advise think agree guess insist confirm promise warn Next to ask(s) asked want to know wonder Next to tell, told ask, asked agree offer promise refuse advise invite remind threaten warn suggest

EXAMPLES... A. STATEMENTS 1. Peter said, “Yes, I like English.” 2. She said to me, “ I`m a student.” 3. They said, “ We have lost the key.” 5. Ann said, “ I don`t like to cook.” 6. He said to us, “I will help you.” 7. Jack said, “ My friend is sick.” Instead of traditional said told said Peter admitted that he liked English. She confirmed me that she was a student. They confessed that they had lost the key. Ann agreed that she didn`t like to cook. Jack was sorry that his friend was sick. He promised that he would help us. admitted confirmed confessed agreed promised was sorry