Warm-Up Based upon prior knowledge, how do you think alcohol effects each side of the health triangle? (physical, metal/emotional, social health) Based upon prior knowledge, how do you think alcohol effects each side of the health triangle? (physical, metal/emotional, social health)

Harmful Effects of Alcohol Use Lesson 14

Objectives: Analyze the harmful physical, emotional, social and legal consequences of alcohol abuse Analyze the harmful physical, emotional, social and legal consequences of alcohol abuse Analyze the effects of alcohol on the fetus Analyze the effects of alcohol on the fetus Identify the various stages of alcoholism Identify the various stages of alcoholism Describe how to access school and community health-related services that assist with the prevention and/or stopping the use of alcohol Describe how to access school and community health-related services that assist with the prevention and/or stopping the use of alcohol

Short Term Effects of Drinking Different for each individual Different for each individual Factors that influence these effects include: Factors that influence these effects include: Body Size: a small person feels the effects sooner then a larger person Body Size: a small person feels the effects sooner then a larger person Gender: in general, alcohol moves into the bloodstream faster in females Gender: in general, alcohol moves into the bloodstream faster in females Food: Food in the stomach slows down the passage of alcohol into the bloodstream Food: Food in the stomach slows down the passage of alcohol into the bloodstream Amount of intake: as the amount of alcohol consumed increases, so does the level of alcohol in the bloodstream Amount of intake: as the amount of alcohol consumed increases, so does the level of alcohol in the bloodstream Rate of intake: when a person drinks alcohol faster than the liver can break it down, intoxication results Rate of intake: when a person drinks alcohol faster than the liver can break it down, intoxication results

Short Term Effects: Figure 22.1 pg 569

Drug Interactions Alcohol doesn’t mix with medications or other drugs Alcohol doesn’t mix with medications or other drugs Interactions can lead to illness, injury or even death Interactions can lead to illness, injury or even death Alcohol-drug interactions are a factor in about ¼ of all emergency room admissions Alcohol-drug interactions are a factor in about ¼ of all emergency room admissions How it Works: How it Works: When a drug enters the body it travels through the bloodstream to its target organ or tissue When a drug enters the body it travels through the bloodstream to its target organ or tissue Over time the body metabolizes (process in which the body breaks down substances) the drug Over time the body metabolizes (process in which the body breaks down substances) the drug Alcohol also travels through the bloodstream to he brain, liver, and kidneys Alcohol also travels through the bloodstream to he brain, liver, and kidneys Impairs brain functions Impairs brain functions Kidneys filter the waste products from the blood and produce urine Kidneys filter the waste products from the blood and produce urine Liver metabolized the alcohol, making it less active Liver metabolized the alcohol, making it less active The presence of alcohol and medications can result in a multiplier effect in which the medication has a greater or different effect than if it were taken alone The presence of alcohol and medications can result in a multiplier effect in which the medication has a greater or different effect than if it were taken alone

Typical Alcohol-Drug Interactions Slow down a drug’s absorption by the body Slow down a drug’s absorption by the body Increases the length of time that the alcohol or drug is in the body and increases the risk of harmful side effects Increases the length of time that the alcohol or drug is in the body and increases the risk of harmful side effects Increase in the number of metabolizing enzymes in the body Increase in the number of metabolizing enzymes in the body Caused by frequent drinking Caused by frequent drinking Medications can be broken down faster than normal, decreasing their effectiveness Medications can be broken down faster than normal, decreasing their effectiveness Metabolizing enzymes can change some medications into chemicals that can damage the liver or other organs Metabolizing enzymes can change some medications into chemicals that can damage the liver or other organs Ex: acetaminophen (common painkiller) can cause serious liver damage Ex: acetaminophen (common painkiller) can cause serious liver damage Increases the effects of some drugs Increases the effects of some drugs Ex: antihistamines (taken for colds or allergies) can be intensified when taken with alcohol, causing extreme dizziness and sleepiness Ex: antihistamines (taken for colds or allergies) can be intensified when taken with alcohol, causing extreme dizziness and sleepiness

Driving Under the Influence DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) also know as DUI (Driving Under the Influence) is the leading cause of death among teens DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) also know as DUI (Driving Under the Influence) is the leading cause of death among teens Someone is said to be intoxicated when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds the states legal limit Someone is said to be intoxicated when blood alcohol concentration (BAC) exceeds the states legal limit Most states this is.1%, however in some states the figure is.08%. Most states this is.1%, however in some states the figure is.08%. For someone under 21 there is NO acceptable BAC percentage For someone under 21 there is NO acceptable BAC percentage

DUI continued Researches have found that drinking of any sort: Researches have found that drinking of any sort: Slows reflexes Slows reflexes Reduces a person’s ability to judge distances and speeds Reduces a person’s ability to judge distances and speeds Increases risk-taking behaviors Increases risk-taking behaviors Reduces a person’s concentration Reduces a person’s concentration Increases forgetfulness Increases forgetfulness Clearly, every single one of these factors decreases driving ability, increasing your chance of injuring or killing yourself or someone else Clearly, every single one of these factors decreases driving ability, increasing your chance of injuring or killing yourself or someone else

DUI Consequences Harm to the driver or someone else Harm to the driver or someone else Severely restricted driving privileges Severely restricted driving privileges Immediate confiscation of driver’s license Immediate confiscation of driver’s license Alcohol related injuries, property damage and death Alcohol related injuries, property damage and death Living with regret or remorse Living with regret or remorse Loss of trust and respect Loss of trust and respect Arrest Arrest Jail time Jail time Court appearance and accompanying fees Court appearance and accompanying fees Police record Police record Possible lawsuits Possible lawsuits Higher insurance rates Higher insurance rates

Binge Drinking Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting Drinking five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting Serious problem amount young people Serious problem amount young people Impairs decision making Impairs decision making Can cause alcohol poisoning Can cause alcohol poisoning

Alcohol Poisoning Severe, potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol over dose Severe, potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol over dose Alcohol is a depressant slowing down the bodies involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex that prevents choking. Too much alcohol will eventually STOP these actions Alcohol is a depressant slowing down the bodies involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex that prevents choking. Too much alcohol will eventually STOP these actions A person who has consumed too much alcohol will often vomit because alcohol is a stomach irritant. If the gag reflex is shut down a person can choke and be asphyxiated by his or her own vomit A person who has consumed too much alcohol will often vomit because alcohol is a stomach irritant. If the gag reflex is shut down a person can choke and be asphyxiated by his or her own vomit Effects of Alcohol Poisoning: Effects of Alcohol Poisoning: Mental confusion Mental confusion Coma Coma Inability to be roused Inability to be roused Vomiting Vomiting Seizures Seizures Slow respiration, <8 breaths a minute Slow respiration, <8 breaths a minute Irregular heartbeat Irregular heartbeat Hypothermia Hypothermia Severe dehydration from vomiting Severe dehydration from vomiting A person exhibiting any of these signs may die if left untreated. Call 911 if you suspect someone has alcohol poisoning A person exhibiting any of these signs may die if left untreated. Call 911 if you suspect someone has alcohol poisoning

Long Term Effects of Alcohol Abuse Healthy Liver vs. Liver Damaged by Alcohol

Alcohol During Pregnancy When a pregnant woman drinks the fetus does too When a pregnant woman drinks the fetus does too The alcohol passes from the mother’s body into the bloodstream of the fetus The alcohol passes from the mother’s body into the bloodstream of the fetus Unlike the adult liver, the fetus’s liver is not developed enough to process the alcohol Unlike the adult liver, the fetus’s liver is not developed enough to process the alcohol As a result, a female who drinks during pregnancy risks permanent damage to the fetus As a result, a female who drinks during pregnancy risks permanent damage to the fetus Drinking during the first few weeks of pregnancy can be especially harmful to a baby’s central nervous system Drinking during the first few weeks of pregnancy can be especially harmful to a baby’s central nervous system This is especially dangerous because many women do not yet realize they’re pregnant during this time This is especially dangerous because many women do not yet realize they’re pregnant during this time Infants born to mothers who drink during pregnancy may be at risk of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Infants born to mothers who drink during pregnancy may be at risk of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems A group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical and mental problems Effect of FAS Effect of FAS Severe and long lasting Severe and long lasting Born with a small head Born with a small head Deformities of the face, hands, feet Deformities of the face, hands, feet Heart, liver, kidney defects Heart, liver, kidney defects Vision and hearing problems Vision and hearing problems Slow growth Slow growth Delayed coordination Delayed coordination Learning difficulties Learning difficulties Difficulties with attention, memory and problem solving Difficulties with attention, memory and problem solving FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States FAS is the leading cause of mental retardation in the United States It is 100% preventable It is 100% preventable There is NO safe amount of alcohol to drink when pregnant There is NO safe amount of alcohol to drink when pregnant

Alcoholism A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol A disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol Characterized by impaired ability to study, work and socialize normally Characterized by impaired ability to study, work and socialize normally Alcoholic: an addict who is dependent on alcohol Alcoholic: an addict who is dependent on alcohol Some may participate in harmful behaviors such as drunken driving or violent behaviors Some may participate in harmful behaviors such as drunken driving or violent behaviors Other may become quiet and withdrawn Other may become quiet and withdrawn Isn’t limited to age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic group Isn’t limited to age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic group Symptoms: Symptoms: Cravings: strong need to drink, inability to manage stress without drinking Cravings: strong need to drink, inability to manage stress without drinking Loss of control: inability to limit drinking, preoccupation with alcohol Loss of control: inability to limit drinking, preoccupation with alcohol Physical dependence: withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, sweating, shakiness and anxiety when the person is not drinking Physical dependence: withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, sweating, shakiness and anxiety when the person is not drinking Tolerance: a need to drink increasingly greater amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects Tolerance: a need to drink increasingly greater amounts of alcohol in order to feel its effects Health, family, and legal problems: repeated injuries, drunk driving citations, poor relationships with family members Health, family, and legal problems: repeated injuries, drunk driving citations, poor relationships with family members

Factors Effecting Alcoholics Genetic link Genetic link Environmental factors Environmental factors Family Family Friends Friends Culture Culture Peer pressure Peer pressure Alcohol availability Alcohol availability Stress Stress

Stages of Alcoholism Stage 1: Abuse Stage 1: Abuse Begins with social drinking Begins with social drinking Over time a physical and psychological dependence develops Over time a physical and psychological dependence develops Person begins to lie or make excuses about his or her drinking Person begins to lie or make excuses about his or her drinking Person develops a higher tolerance and progressively needs to drink more in order to feel the effects of alcohol Person develops a higher tolerance and progressively needs to drink more in order to feel the effects of alcohol Stage 2: Dependence Stage 2: Dependence Person can’t stop drinking and is physically dependent Person can’t stop drinking and is physically dependent Alcohol becomes the central focus Alcohol becomes the central focus Drinker tries to hide the problem, but performance on the job, school or at home suffers Drinker tries to hide the problem, but performance on the job, school or at home suffers Drinker makes excuses and blames others for problems Drinker makes excuses and blames others for problems Stage 3: Addiction Stage 3: Addiction Drinking is the MOST important thing in the person’s life Drinking is the MOST important thing in the person’s life Liver damage occurs Liver damage occurs If consumption of alcohol is stopped, the person will experience severe withdrawal symptoms If consumption of alcohol is stopped, the person will experience severe withdrawal symptoms

Effects on Family and Society Estimated 14 MILLION alcoholics in the US Estimated 14 MILLION alcoholics in the US Alcohol use is a major factor in the 4 leading causes of accidental death Alcohol use is a major factor in the 4 leading causes of accidental death Car accidents Car accidents Falls Falls Drownings Drownings House fires House fires Alcohol also plays a major role in violent crimes Alcohol also plays a major role in violent crimes Homicide Homicide Rape Rape Robbery Robbery Statistics: Statistics: About 40% of violent crimes, totaling 3 million annually, are alcohol related About 40% of violent crimes, totaling 3 million annually, are alcohol related 2/3 of domestic violence report that alcohol was a factor in the crime 2/3 of domestic violence report that alcohol was a factor in the crime Nearly ½ of all homicide victims have alcohol in their bloodstreams Nearly ½ of all homicide victims have alcohol in their bloodstreams Alcoholism effects those around you Alcoholism effects those around you Codependency: codependents learn to ignore their own needs and focus their energy and emotions on the needs of the alcoholics Codependency: codependents learn to ignore their own needs and focus their energy and emotions on the needs of the alcoholics In the process they lose their trust in others, self-esteem and at times their own health suffers In the process they lose their trust in others, self-esteem and at times their own health suffers

Where to Get Help: Figure 22.4 pg 579

Treatment Alcoholism can’t be cured, but it can be treated Alcoholism can’t be cured, but it can be treated Recovery: the process of learning to live an alcohol-free life Recovery: the process of learning to live an alcohol-free life 2/3 of alcoholics who try to recover do so with the proper treatment 2/3 of alcoholics who try to recover do so with the proper treatment Treatment programs aim to stop or control the intake of alcohol Treatment programs aim to stop or control the intake of alcohol Counseling Counseling Medication Medication Sobriety: life without alcohol Sobriety: life without alcohol Lifelong commitment Lifelong commitment Many resources are available to help people who have a drinking problem as well as family and friends Many resources are available to help people who have a drinking problem as well as family and friends