Smart Grid and Renewable Integration Shivakumar V, Arunachalam V & Murugesan N Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore www.cpri.in 19 April 2017

Why Smart Grid? Drivers for Smart Grid Renewable energy in SG What is Smart Grid ? Why Smart Grid? Drivers for Smart Grid Renewable energy in SG Integration issues Standardization issues Conclusion CPRI’s activities in Smart Grid 19 April 2017

What is Smart Grid? Many Definitions - A smart grid includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps track of all electricity flowing in the system. It also incorporates the use of superconductive transmission lines for less power loss, as well as the capability of integrating alternative sources of electricity such as solar and wind. “an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information, capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything from power plants to customer preferences to individual appliances.” 19 April 2017

Why Smart Grid? Drivers for SG 1.Rising costs of capital, raw materials, and labour 2.Aging infrastructure and workforce 3.Continuing national security concerns 4.Need for and viability of energy efficiency caused by the expansion of the global economy 5.Increasing awareness of environmental issues, including global warming 19 April 2017

Why Smart Grid? Drivers for SG contd. 6.Regulatory pressures 7.Social pressures 8.Calls for energy efficiency 9.Growing demand for energy 10.Rising consumer expectations 11.Rapid innovations in Technology 19 April 2017

Energy, Environment & Sustainable Development – interlinked. 19 April 2017 Renewable Energy in Smart Grid Energy, Environment & Sustainable Development – interlinked. Coal (fossil) fuel – limited period Reduce green house emissions & mitigate climate change. Peak load management Distributed Generation Systems connected to LT Distribution system (11kV) Renewable energy sources- Wind Solar – Rooftop Photovoltaic Other Distributed Generation systems based on Mini Hydro, & Bio mass 19 April 2017

Converters / Inverters – Grid Connectivity Limitations of conventional Converters / Inverters Higher Cost Reduced Reliability Serviceability Modularity & Scalability Standardizations Efficiency 19 April 2017

Smart Grid requirements 19 April 2017 Smart Grid requirements Courtesy : ABB 19 April 2017

increasing grid capacity 19 April 2017 Smart Grid requirements Applications supporting integration of electric vehicles network management load management real time pricing plug-in vehicles integration charging billing increasing grid capacity energy storage plug in vehicles Courtesy : ABB 19 April 2017

19 April 2017 Smart Grid requirements Applications supporting reliability and efficiency underground power cables network management cyber security outage management remote fault location increasing grid capacity: asset utilization, power flow control home automation/ demand response load management/ demand response substation and feeder automation energy storage stationary & mobile emergency power peak power meter data based outage management grid operation with distributed generation local balancing of distributed resources - Microgrids Courtesy : ABB 19 April 2017

Energy recording, tariff and billing – to be reworked. Integration Issues Large number of DG units interconnection to conventional grid affects the stability. Customer can also inject energy into grid- bidirectional flow of energy- energy meter shall support bidirectional flow of energy recording. Energy recording, tariff and billing – to be reworked. Real time monitoring and Control. Smart Grid addresses above- convergence of Information and communication Technology 19 April 2017

Renewable – Grid Connectivity Micro Grid Inv/ Conv Synch Switch Inv/ Conv U Inv/ Conv Local Loads Optional Storage / Fuel Cell Backup Info Flow Control Centre Inv/ Con - Inverter /Converter With Controls U – Utility Grid 19 April 2017

= Real-time communication 19 April 2017 FACTS Substation Distribution ERP+ SCADA/ GMS EMS/BMS HVDC DMS ERP+ and Trading M = Real-time communication Operation Utility operation and commercial structure - today ERP, CRM, GIS, CMMS Trading Capacitor Transmission Generation Commercial Feeder Switches automation 19 April 2017

Generation Transmission Distribution Operation Commercial Micro Grid 19 April 2017 FACTS WAMS Distribution ERP+ SCADA/ GMS EMS/BMS HVDC ERP+ and trading M = Real-time communication = new real-time communications = new applications Operation Utility operation and commercial structure – tomorrow ERP, CRM, GIS, CMMS and demand response Trading Transmission Generation Commercial Capacitor Substation automation Feeder DMS Automation Micro Grid switches reclosers 19 April 2017

Standardization Issues Various organizations (NIST, IEEE, IEC, BIS etc) are in the process of standardizing SG requirements – in various phases Mostly involved with identifying the set of existing standards and revision wherever necessary 19 April 2017

IEEE Standard for SG IEEE Standard 2030 ( Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology operation with the Electric Power System (EPS) and End-Use Applications and Loads) 19 April 2017

IEC Standards (Distn) IEC 61334: series (PLC/DLC communication) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems   Distributed resources  IEC 61400: series for wind turbines  IEC 60364-7-712: for a building solar power supply  IEC 62257 : series for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural installations  IEC TS 61085 : General considerations for telecommunication services for electric power systems  IEC 61727 :Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Characteristics of the utility interface   Metering  IEC 61334: series (PLC/DLC communication) Distribution automation using distribution line carrier systems   IEC 62056: (Complete comm. Stacks for smart metering) Electricity metering - Data exchange for meter reading, tariff and load control 19 April 2017

Rooftop Photovoltaics Grid Modernization Today’s Electricity … Power park Hydrogen Storage Industrial DG Tomorrow’s Choices … Combined Heat and Power Fuel Cell e - Wind Farms Rooftop Photovoltaics Remote Loads Load as a resource SMES Smart Substation 19 April 2017

What India need to do? Sensitise all stake holder about global developments. Insist and mandate to procure equipment based on open standards Work with National & International bodies driving SG concepts . Standardise software / Hardware devices based on International standards ( Meter to Control Room) - No proprietary. Implement Security standards Software standarisation in distribution sector based on IEC 61968 / 61970 (EMS) Go for few pilot projects covering large area as in other countries Replace equipments not suitable for integration 19 April 2017

CPRI’s Services in Smart Grid Offer consultancy in building Smart Grid system and testing & evaluation of subsystems of Smart Grid components. AMI / Smart Grid Feasibility studies. Technology & product assessments including communications technologies & Protocols. Conformance test tool for IEC 62056 / DLMS/ Indian Companion compliant meters and developmental assistance. Collaborative work in development / standardization of product, evaluation & testing of product and commercial / pilot scale deployment. 19 April 2017

Formation of SMART GRID KNOWLEDGE CENTRE IN CPRI Review of current trends and Technologies Formulation of Road map for Technology absorption Networking of stake holders with CPRI as nodal center - Utilities and DISCOMS - Manufacturers - Research and test houses - Academic institutions Undertaking pilot projects Providing assistance to Distribution Companies 19 April 2017

Questions ? For any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact: shiva@cpri.in varun@cpri.in dgcpri@cpri.in 19 April 2017